Pain

Question 1

Define Pain

Answer 1

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Question 2

What causes pain?

Answer 2

Inflammation, infection, ischemia tissue, necrosis stretching of tendons, ligaments and joints. Chemicals, burns, spasms.

Question 3

Somatic Pain

Answer 3

From the skin, muscles, bone. Conducted by sensory fibers

Question 4

Visceral pain

Answer 4

Organs, sympathetic fibers, acute or chronic

Question 5

Pain Pathway

Answer 5

Begins in the nociceceptors. Stimulated by temperature, chemical and physical means. It’s transmitted via myelinated a delta or unmyelinated C. 

Question 6

Myelinated A Delta

Answer 6

Transmit very quickly

Question 7

Unmyelinated C

Answer 7

Transmit very slowly. Example Chronic Pain

Question 8

Spinal Nerves conduct pain from?

Answer 8

Dermatomes

Question 9

Pain impulses (afferent) reach the spinal cord and

Answer 9

Stimulate muscles to reflexively move away and transmit impulses to the brain via the spinothalamic tract

Question 10

2 findings to question gate control theory

Answer 10

1. The injury or noxious stimulation initiates the change in behavior
2. Neither pain behavior or nociceptor activity is held in similarity to the state of the injuries

Question 11

Factors that modulate a pain response

Answer 11

Sensory input, previous experience, cultural factors, social/work environment, expectation of consequences and beliefs 

Question 12

Pain response in infants

Answer 12

Infants, respond, physiologically, including tachycardia, increase blood pressure, facial expressions, and bodily responses

Question 13

Young kids to teens response to pain

Answer 13

Young children have different coping mechanisms more words describe pain. This increases as they get older. There is a possible withdrawal in older kids. 

Question 14

Acute pain and symptoms

Answer 14

Most reflective of actual tissue injury or damage symptoms are less than three months, local at injured area, accompanied by swelling and warmth, redness related to an injury, and increased pain when the area is provoked 

Question 15

Chronic pain and symptoms

Answer 15

Linked to other factors such as chronic inflammation, changes in nerve sensitivity, emotions, prior traumatic injury, and changes that occur in the brain. Symptoms include pain that lasts more than 3 months, pain is not a result of injury, widespread pain, pain is unpredictable, hypersensitivity, pain accompanied by psychological factors.

Question 16

Referred Pain

Answer 16

Pain from a distance source. May indicate visceral damage

Question 17

Phantom pain

Answer 17

Common with chronic pain. May occur after amputation. It’s not responsive to normal pain therapy. May resolve within weeks to months.

Question 18

What factors affect pain reception

Answer 18

1. The amount or intensity of the pain you feel is not an indication of the amount or seriousness of a possible injury.
2. The experience of pain can change. The pain felt today does not need to be the pain you feel tomorrow