Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho 545 > Fluid & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Where is water movement mediated

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothalamus controls what hormones?

A

Antidiuretic (ADH) -kidneys water balance
Aldosterone (ALD) - adrenal glands and BP
Renin - controls aldosterone levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capillaries capabilities

A

Freely permeable to water, not to proteins. Water moves from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Effects on capillaries

A

Hydrostatic, osmotic/oncotic, capillary wall integrity, lymph integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is edema?

A

Excess fluid in interstitial spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is systemic edema

A

Bilateral (arms or legs) presentation, indicative of heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is local edema

A

Unilateral presentation (stroke) or indicative of a DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Edema Categories

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure, hypoeteinemia, lump obstruction, sodium retention, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical manifestations of Edema

A

Edema, effusion, ascites, anasarca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Effects of Edema

A

Increase in body weight, function impairment, pain, impaired circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the largest fluid compartments in the body?

A

Extra cellular -> plasma and interstitial
Intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pitting Edema

A

Depression in the skin stays after finger has been lifted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Patient presents with swelling in both legs. What type of edema does this indicate?

A

Systemic edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient presents with a stroke. What type of edema may we see?

A

Local edema, unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is dehydration?

A

Insufficient body fluid due to inadequate intake or excessive loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who should we monitor for dehydration?

A

Infants and geriatric populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is 3rd spacing?

A

Simultaneous fluid deficit and fluid excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does 3rd spacing occur

A

Fluid shift from blood to interstitial space and stays there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does 3rd spacing commonly occur?

A

Most common in liver disease (low protein level) and burns (increased capillary permeability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most prevalent electrolytes in the body

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Role of sodium in the body

A

Maintains extracellular volume, nerve conduction, muscle contraction

22
Q

Role of calcium in the body

A

Bone formation

23
Q

Role of magnesium in the body

A

Enzyme reaction, protein, dna synthesis

24
Q

Role of potassium in the body

A

Nerve conduction, muscle contraction

25
Q

Result of a sodium imbalance

A

Impaired nerve function, decreased blood volume/pressure, increased swelling

26
Q

Sodium imbalance PT actions

A

Monitor vitals, assess cardiac rhythm, assess cognitive and neurological changes, assess for fall risk, consider seizure protocol

27
Q

Normal Electrolyte level for calcium

A

9-10.5 mg/dL

28
Q

Normal magnesium levels

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

29
Q

Normal potassium levels

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

30
Q

Normal sodium levels

A

136-145 mEq/L

31
Q

Potassium imbalance signs

A

Muscle weakness, paresthesia, dysrhythmia, hypotension, bradycardia

32
Q

PT actions with potassium imbalance

A

Monitor vital signs, assess cardiac rhythm, assess acute decline in muscle strength, decrease physical activity due to cardiac events

33
Q

Calcium imbalance signs

A

Reflexia, dysrhythmia, lethargy, confusion, nausea, agitation, seizure,

34
Q

PT actions for Calcium imbalance

A

Monitor vital signs, assess cardiac rhythm, assess for decline in muscle strength, seizure precautions.

35
Q

What population commonly has calcium imbalances

A

Patients undergoing cancer treatments

36
Q

Magnesium imbalance signs

A

Tonia, reflexia, dysrhythmia, nystagmus, tremors, hypotension, seizures

37
Q

PT actions with magnesium imbalance

A

Monitor vitals, assess cardiac rhythm, decrease physical activity, assess for decline in muscle strength, consider seizure protocol

38
Q

Body normal pH

A

7.34-7.45

39
Q

Homeostasis

A

Body’s way to maintain its normal environment

40
Q

Lungs role in pH

A

Make quick changes (breathing) by modifying Co2 levels

41
Q

Co2 is a ?

A

Acid

42
Q

HCO3 is a ?

A

Base

43
Q

Respiratory Acidosis and is caused by what?

A

Is a increase in CO2 (more acidic) COPD, pneumonia, airway obstruction, chest injury, depressed respiratory

44
Q

What is the visible effect of respiratory acidosis?

A

Deep rapid breathing

45
Q

Metabolic Acidosis and what is it caused by?

A

Decrease HCO3 (more acidic) caused by diarrhea, renal failure,

46
Q

Metabolic acidosis will cause

A

Secretion of urine with a low pH

47
Q

Kidneys role in pH

A

Slow response (hours to days) to reabsorb HCO3 and excrete H+

48
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis and is caused by?

A

Decrease in CO2 (more basic) caused by hyperventilation

49
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis and is caused by?

A

Loss of H+ ions through kidneys or GI, caused by an increase in HCO3 (more basic), loss of hydrochloric acid, hypokalemia, and excessive anti acids

50
Q

A patient is hyperventilating. How will this change the pH?

A

Decrease in CO2 will cause a more basic pH

51
Q

Patient has reported COPD. How does their breathing present in the clinic?

A

Deep rapid breathing, need to assume an increase in CO2 which will become more acidic

Patho 545 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions