Pain Flashcards
nociception
processing of noxious stimuli
noxious stimuli
stimuli that induce tissue damage
pain can be responded to by both the
brain and SC
A alpha and A beta afferents are associated with what kind of receptor?
low threshold mechanoreceptor
A delta and C afferents are associated with nociceptors and…
thermoreceptors
proprioceptors of skeletal muscle are associated with kind of afferent?
A alpha
mechanoreceptor associated with A beta afferents do not transmit
noxious stimuli
the nociceptor nerve fibres are
A delta and C fibres
Chronic inflammatory pain model:
carrageenan
complete freund’s adjuvant
acute inflammatory pain model:
bradykinin
prostaglandins
neuropathic pain models
SNI
CCI
PSL
SNL
trigeminal pain model
operant conditioning: temperature changes and resultant feeding behavioral changes used as indicators of thermal hyperalgesia
peripheral nerve function changes studied via
electrophysiology
protein involved in n peripheral sensory function
Nav1.8
how to study the role of genes in sensory transduction?
use peripheral sensory system specific promoter and crr recombinase in the site for altered gene expression in peripheral somatosensory neurons
how can genes be inserted into somatosensory neurons?
viral vector KI
or loxP KO
to study genes involved in sensory transduction, where are siRNA injected?
SC, DRG or brain
how do siRNA work
bind to mRNA corresponding to gene of interest and reduce expression
why do siRNA injections induce a knockdown and not a knockout?
transient effects due do siRNA degredation
siRNA knockdown of what channel alleviates neuropathic pain?
L-type calcium channel
advantages of siRNA knockdown
adult knockdown (Avoids perinatal/embryonic lethality + can compare before and after )
internal negative control (site of injection induces specific effects)
disadvantages of siRNA knockdown
efficiency hard to control
hard to distinguish if effects are central or peripheral as effects SC and DRG
how is siRNA administered?
intrathecal
REST affects
synaptic plasticity
expression of what genes are repressed by REST and activated by sp1
KCNQ
what is the binding site of REST?
RE1
How do BDNF and NGF trigger inflammation?
through the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase
explain how ATP triggers inflammation:
acts on PX2 receptors
which molecule activates TRPV1 and ASIC receptorrs to induce inflammation?
H+
which inflamatory medicatiors activate GPCRS….
prostoglandins
substance P
bradykinins
histamines
proteases
Gasotransmitters:
CO
NO
H2S
hyperalgesia process
- tissue damage
- chemokines - inflammation
- peripheral sensitisation
- hyperalgesia + allyodonia
hyperalgesia
exagerated reponse to painful stimuli
allyodnia
pain from non-noxious stimul
how is nerve sensitivity altered?
changes in gene expression altering receptor expression
