Pain

Question 1

nociception

Answer 1

processing of noxious stimuli

Question 2

noxious stimuli

Answer 2

stimuli that induce tissue damage

Question 3

pain can be responded to by both the

Answer 3

brain and SC

Question 4

A alpha and A beta afferents are associated with what kind of receptor?

Answer 4

low threshold mechanoreceptor

Question 5

A delta and C afferents are associated with nociceptors and…

Answer 5

thermoreceptors

Question 6

proprioceptors of skeletal muscle are associated with kind of afferent?

Answer 6

A alpha

Question 7

mechanoreceptor associated with A beta afferents do not transmit

Answer 7

noxious stimuli

Question 8

the nociceptor nerve fibres are

Answer 8

A delta and C fibres

Question 9

Chronic inflammatory pain model:

Answer 9

carrageenan
complete freund’s adjuvant

Question 10

acute inflammatory pain model:

Answer 10

bradykinin
prostaglandins

Question 11

neuropathic pain models

Answer 11

SNI
CCI
PSL
SNL

Question 12

trigeminal pain model

Answer 12

operant conditioning: temperature changes and resultant feeding behavioral changes used as indicators of thermal hyperalgesia

Question 13

peripheral nerve function changes studied via

Answer 13

electrophysiology

Question 14

protein involved in n peripheral sensory function

Answer 14

Nav1.8

Question 15

how to study the role of genes in sensory transduction?

Answer 15

use peripheral sensory system specific promoter and crr recombinase in the site for altered gene expression in peripheral somatosensory neurons

Question 16

how can genes be inserted into somatosensory neurons?

Answer 16

viral vector KI
or loxP KO

Question 17

to study genes involved in sensory transduction, where are siRNA injected?

Answer 17

SC, DRG or brain

Question 18

how do siRNA work

Answer 18

bind to mRNA corresponding to gene of interest and reduce expression

Question 19

why do siRNA injections induce a knockdown and not a knockout?

Answer 19

transient effects due do siRNA degredation

Question 20

siRNA knockdown of what channel alleviates neuropathic pain?

Answer 20

L-type calcium channel

Question 21

advantages of siRNA knockdown

Answer 21

adult knockdown (Avoids perinatal/embryonic lethality + can compare before and after )
internal negative control (site of injection induces specific effects)

Question 22

disadvantages of siRNA knockdown

Answer 22

efficiency hard to control
hard to distinguish if effects are central or peripheral as effects SC and DRG

Question 23

how is siRNA administered?

Answer 23

intrathecal

Question 24

REST affects

Answer 24

synaptic plasticity

Question 25

expression of what genes are repressed by REST and activated by sp1

Answer 25

KCNQ

Question 26

what is the binding site of REST?

Answer 26

RE1

Question 27

How do BDNF and NGF trigger inflammation?

Answer 27

through the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 28

explain how ATP triggers inflammation:

Answer 28

acts on PX2 receptors

Question 29

which molecule activates TRPV1 and ASIC receptorrs to induce inflammation?

Answer 29

H+

Question 30

which inflamatory medicatiors activate GPCRS….

Answer 30

prostoglandins
substance P
bradykinins
histamines
proteases

Question 31

Gasotransmitters:

Answer 31

CO
NO
H2S

Question 32

hyperalgesia process

Answer 32

1. tissue damage
2. chemokines - inflammation
3. peripheral sensitisation
4. hyperalgesia + allyodonia

Question 33

hyperalgesia

Answer 33

exagerated reponse to painful stimuli

Question 34

allyodnia

Answer 34

pain from non-noxious stimul

Question 35

how is nerve sensitivity altered?

Answer 35

changes in gene expression altering receptor expression