Pain Flashcards
Myofascial Pain
Muscle tension- local ischemia, increased metabolites and pain
Muscle spasm
Muscle trauma- torn mm from ecc contraction
Muscle deficiency -stiffness and weakness
Trigger Points- hyperirritable spots (taut band)
Joint Pain
joint dysfunction that usually gets worse with specific positions and decreases with rest
Radicular Pain (musculoskeletal)
spinal nerve irritation
sensed in dermatome, schlerotome or myotome
bilateral symptoms are common
Radicular Pain (systemic source)
-dysfunction of ANS
complaints of radicular -pain or patterns that are inconsistent with dermatome and myotome patterns are cause for suspect
Arterial, Pleural and tracheal pain
increases in systolic BP significantly increases throbbing pain
increased pain with respiratory requirements
Gastrointestinal Pain
varies on source
Pain At Rest
could be from ischemia requires careful investigation can be indicator for underlying disease beyond acute phase, the pain SHOULD dissipate RED FLAG
Activity Pain
Intermittent claudication or other vascular compromise
strain on injured somatic tissue
Diffuse pain
Frequently associated with diseases of nervous system and viscera
-patient struggles to locate the pain
Chronic/persistent pain
timeframe frequently 3-6 months
pain that lasts beyond physiologic healing
joint pain from systematic origins
commonly deep, aching and throbbing
frequently constant or occurs in waves
-activity doesn’t significantly change the symptom
Characteristics of musculoskeletal pain
wakes at night, deep and achy, constant or waves, hist of infection, recent medications
associated sxs/sxs= jaundice, arthralgias, nodules, skin rash, oral/nasal ulcers, fatigue, weight loss, low-grade fever, weakness, progressive symptoms or cyclic ones
non-organic pain
malingering pain from a feigning illness or disability to drive benefit secondary gain/benefit
may be deliberate or unknown
screening tools for yellow flags
9-item questionnaire
0-3: low risk
4+ mod/high risk
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia
17-item self-report questionnaire
for patients with chronic MSK pain
invert scores for items 4/8/12 and 16 and then sum them
ranges from 17 to 68 but 37+ indicates kinesiophobia
vascular pain pattern
throbbing, pounding, pulsing, beating
neurological pain pattern
stabbing, crushing, hot, searing
musculoskeletal pain pattern
aching, sore, heavy, dull and hurting
emotional pain pattern
tiring, miserable, agonizing, nauseating
irritability
how long does it take for symptoms to subside
pain intensity
how much a person hurts
pain affect
the emotional arousal and disruption caused by the pain experience
McGill pain questionnaire
most common measure of pain affect
distinguishes between intensity and affective components of pain
sections 1-10 intensity,
11-15 affective
VAS Visual Analog Scales
10 cm line with the ends labeled as the extremes of pain
they place a slash and we measure in cm what they rate it
verbal rating scales of pain
rank order scoring for ordinal data
list of objectives for pain intensity
numeric rating scales
0-10 or 0-100
A valid measure of pain intensity
symptoms associated with systemic disease
burning, dizziness, hoarseness, nausea, night sweats, vomiting, tingling, vision problems and numbness, difficulty breathing or swallowing, heart palpitations
basically any red flags from the general health screen
is systemic pain affected by rest or position change?
No but musculoskeletal usually does
