Pages 8 - Plant Biochemistry - Secondary Products

Question 1

What are primary products ?

Answer 1

Occur in all plant cell and are necessary for cell and organism survival

Question 2

Where are secondary products found?

Answer 2

Found only in specialized differentiated celL

Question 3

2nd products are produced in …… amounts

Answer 3

Small

Question 4

2nd products benefits

Answer 4

Benefits the plant as a whole. Important medicinally since they are physiology-active and have psycho active effects

Question 5

How do plants produce diverse chemically complex 2nd products

Answer 5

Using biological pathways that elude biochem even today

Question 6

What are the functions of 2nd products?

Answer 6

1- detoxification - neutralizing waste products , bcz plants don’t secrete waste the way animals do
2- chemical defence - against herbivore insects pest fungal bacterial and viral pathogens,or even plants
3- attractants- luring plants pollinators and fruit dispersals with desirable colours and scents

Question 7

2nd products can be used in

Answer 7

Harmones
Anti cancer agents
Antibiotics
Medicinal
Narcotics
Stimulamts
Depressants
Antihistamines
Hallucinogens
Poison
Pesticides

Question 8

What are the 3 types of secondary productions

Answer 8

Alkaloids
Trapinoids
Phenolics

Question 9

Alkaloid

Answer 9

2nd products that contain nitrogen, usually incorporated in a heterocyclic ring

Question 10

Alkaloids are ……………. And potentially ………… bcz they likely evolved as anti…… and anti……. Defenses

Answer 10

Bitter tasting
Toxis
Anti-herbivore
Antibiotic defences

Question 11

Alkaloids are usually …….., ……l. Or …….

Answer 11

Pharmacologically active- medicinal applications
Poisonous
Hallucinogenic

Question 12

Terpenoids

Answer 12

plant hydrocarbons built from 2 or more five carbon isoprene units.

Question 13

3 types of terpenoids

Answer 13

Monoterpenes - 2 isoprene units (10carbons)
Sesquiterpenes- 3IU (15CJ
Diterpenes- 4IU (20C)

Question 14

Many terpenoids are distilled as ……..or……. Oils

Answer 14

Volatile
Essential

Question 15

Many have ……and…… properties

Answer 15

Medicinal and antibiotics

Question 16

What are terpenoids glycosides?

Answer 16

Organic compounds consisting of sugars attached to non sugar terpenoids

Question 17

Non sugar terpenoids are also known as …….

Answer 17

Aglycones

Question 18

The two most imp terpenoid glycosides are?

Answer 18

Cardiac glycosides
Saponin or steroidal glycosides

Question 19

Cardiac glycosides

Answer 19

Has stimulating effect on the heart

Question 20

Saponin or steroidal glycosides

Answer 20

Yield mammalian hormone precursor

Question 21

Phenolics

Answer 21

Has an aromatic ring, that has one or more OH groups attached

Question 22

Imp phenolics include:

Answer 22

Plant pigments eg (flavonoids and anthocyanins)
Plant poison eg (coumarins)
Imp medicinal drugs