Pages 5, 6, And 7- History of Psychoactive Pants- Entheogens

Question 1

What are entheogen?

Answer 1

Psychotic substances used in religious or shamanistic context

Question 2

Where are entheogen obtained from?

Answer 2

Plant material

Question 3

Entheogen have played a role in …….

Answer 3

Many societies
Structure beleif system
Hopes
Values
Lives

Question 4

How did entheogen structure early societies and cultures

Answer 4

The phy-chem effects of plant and profound experiences structured early cultures

Question 5

What are the mind altering effects of entheogens?

Answer 5

Change in spatial and temp perception
Hightened emotions (euphoria and anguish)
Inc power of conc, attention, memory
Feeling Dettached from reality

Question 6

What were these mind altering experiences dipicted as ?

Answer 6

Personal contacts with divine entity, future (prediction) or past (ancestor)

Question 7

What were the 4 major groups of hallucinogens used in aztec of mexico

Answer 7

1- peyoti
2- teonanacati
3- talache
4-ololiuqi

Question 8

Peyoti

Answer 8

Cactus. Laphophora williamsii

Question 9

Teonanacati

Answer 9

Hallucinogenic mushrooms of genera Stropharia and psilocybe

Question 10

Tolache

Answer 10

Closely related solanaceous plants of the genus Datura

Question 11

Ololuiqi

Answer 11

Seeds of morning gloriea.
Turbina corymbosa. Ipomoea Violacea

Question 12

Hiw were the hallogenics used by the Aztec of mexico

Answer 12

1- ritualistically and ceremoniously to communicate with supernatural
2- predict the future
3- determine the perperators of criminal and antisocial acts
4- war related rituals
5- human sacrificial ceremonies
6- religious activities
The clergy tightly controlled the ceremonial use of these

Question 13

What entheogen did the Inca of peru use?

Answer 13

1- cocoa (m.imp)
2- yopo
3- datura sps

Question 14

Cocoa

Answer 14

Erythroxylan coca, a potent stimulant

Question 15

Cocoa was also used by

Answer 15

Nazca as a sacred plant

Question 16

The Inca viewed cocoa as…

Answer 16

Manifestation of devine

Question 17

Coca was used for?

Answer 17

Alleviate hunger
Symptoms of alititude sickness
General stimulamt
-Orators used it to
Improve memory
Predict future

Question 18

Yopo

Answer 18

Wilka/ huicla . A hallucinogenic snuff from leguminous trees (anadenanthera prregrina)

Question 19

What entheogen did Mestizos of Amazon Basin use

Answer 19

Ayahuasca (2 closely related vine sps, banisteriopsis spp and B inebrians).

Question 20

Where did mestizos discover the ayahuasca

Answer 20

Mestizos occupied
Tropical rainforests
Western Amazon
Orinoco River

Question 21

Ayahuasca was taken as a mixture with……

Answer 21

Banisteripsis and chacruna, psychotria virdis

Question 22

What was the ayahuasca used for by the mestizos ?

Answer 22

Folk psychiatry to treat mental illness
Predict the future
Healing sessions to determine illness and remedies
Tribal rituals

Question 23

What hallucinogen did the indigenous people of S.W.N. America and N.Mexico use?

Answer 23

Peyote cactus
Thornapple
Mescal bean
Tobacco

Question 24

Thornapple

Answer 24

Datura straminium . Another member of the Tomato (solanace family). Contains the deliriant agent scopolamine

Question 25

Mescal bean

Answer 25

Sophora secundiflora. A leguminous shrub whose seeds are poisonous and hallucinogenic

Question 26

What hallucinogens did the Aboriginal of Australia use?

Answer 26

Tobacco Pituiri

Question 27

Tobacco

Answer 27

Mildly hallucinogenic effects

Question 28

Pituiri

Answer 28

Duboisia hopwoodii. Member of solanace family (tomato). Powerful entheogen and is still a critical component of Australian aboriginal social life

Question 29

Note about solanace family as hallucinogens?

Answer 29

Some solanace sps including close relative of pituri - corkwood contains powerful deliriant alkaloids such as scopolamine

Question 30

What hallucinogenic material did highlanders of new guinea use?

Answer 30

Nonda was a term used to describe all hallucinogenic mushrooms

Question 31

Why was nonda used ?

Answer 31

- resolve group tension and conflict

Question 32

What is mushroom madness

Answer 32

Occasional breakdowns in social order Women become delirious Men terrorize their surrounding and the neighbouring village

Question 33

Why do researchers say that social customs and mass hysteria were more important then chemical inebriation in accounting for mushroom madness.

Answer 33

Because the nondas had no hallucinogenic activity

Question 34

What hallucinogen did equitorial west africa use?

Answer 34

Iboga (Tabernanthe iboga)

Question 35

What was iboga used for ?

Answer 35

Religious ceremonies Releive fatigue Hunting aid

Question 36

The biwitli religious revitalization is centred around?

Answer 36

Ritualistic use of iboga

Question 37

The biwiti religious revitalization evolved

Answer 37

Evolved in response to the cultural and social disequilibrium that followed European contact and colonization

Question 38

The bwiti movement stresses on…..

Answer 38

Social cohesion Solidarity Security

Question 39

Why did the equatorial west africa ingest iboga?

Answer 39

Allow one to see the divinity known as biwiti Communicate with ancestors Visit supernatural realms of the dead The ritualistic ingestion for cult, complex ceremony - that has been eroded by western looking for a unique high

Question 40

Indian subcontinents used which entheogen

Answer 40

Marijuana (manabis sativa)

Question 41

Indian referred to marijuana as …..

Answer 41

Divine nectar

Question 42

Why was marijuana used in indian subcontinent

Answer 42

Bestow supernatural powers Have a sense of well being first mentioned in Zend-Avesta Ceremonies in Himalayan region Avhieve deep meditation Heightened sense of awareness Ritualistic and medicine Sps of Datura D was also used in medicine

Question 43

Marijuana achieved its greatest importance as …..

Answer 43

A ceremonial entheogen in the Himalayan region of India and Tibet and also considered a sacred plant by Tantric, Buddhist and Hindu faiths

Question 44

What did reindeer herdsman of siberia use?

Answer 44

The uralic speaking people of north west Eurasia used Fly agaric mushrooms

Question 45

Agaric mushroom

Answer 45

Poisonous at high dose, powerful hallucinogen

Question 46

What was agaric mushrooms used for?

Answer 46

Induce altered states of consciousness communication with supernatural Prediction of future Obtain answers to difficult question Diagnose causes of illness Enjoyment - eg weddings

Question 47

Fly agaric was also used by ……

Answer 47

Athabascan and huron tribes of North America

Question 48

What does wason says about fly agaric

Answer 48

Fly agaric is the original soma of rigveda

Question 49

Eleusis was fouded as a place for ……… by…….

Answer 49

Cult worshipping of Demeter, the greek deity associated with nature and cultivation of cereal crops by ancient greece

Question 50

The demeter cult had evolved into

Answer 50

Eleusinian Mysteries- an important Athenian Festival

Question 51

Eleusinian mystery - athenian festival was a ceremony of ….

Answer 51

the divine gift of grain, in which few chosen individuals were granted passage through the portals of eleusis

Question 52

People selected to go through the portal underwent….

Answer 52

Underwent supreme physical - mystical experiences that included sensation of trembling and powerful hallucinations

Question 53

What could explain the “mysteries” of this eleusis?

Answer 53

Many cereal grains can be infested with fungal ergot , and so the mysteries may be explained by controlled ingestion of LSD -like hallucinogenic alkaloids present in ergot

Question 54

What did the medieval europe use as entheogen?

Answer 54

The solanaceous sps 1- henbane 2- belladonna 3- mandrake

Question 55

What did these solanaceous sps contain

Answer 55

Powerful deliriant tropane alkaloid, which induces a stage of oblivious delirium characterized by sensation of flying, perceptions of feats of prophecy, and transportation to far away places

Question 56

What were these solanaceous sps used for in

Answer 56

Fly Travel far away places Gain perception of feats of prophecy Henbane and belladona was imp ingredient in potions and ointments for witches

Question 57

All these perceptions caused by solanaceous sps were due to…..

Answer 57

Tropane alkaloid intoxication