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Biol 3290 > Pages 3 And 4 - History of Medicinal Plants > Flashcards

Pages 3 And 4 - History of Medicinal Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Two ancinet emperors of the chines

A

Yellow emperoro- Huangdi
Fire emperor - shenong

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2
Q

Two foundation of Chinese Medicine

A

Huangdi Neija - Cannon if Internal Medicine
Shannong Ben - Classic of Herbal Medicine

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3
Q

These two foundation of chinese medicine was written in what time period?

A

Han dynasty

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4
Q

What was the tradition at the time regarding authorization?

A

Authorisation was issued to imp persons and teachers of the past that greatly influenced thevtrue authors

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5
Q

Who were the first great chinese medical complications

A

Huangdiv and shenning

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6
Q

Why were these the great complications of china?

A

Because they combined all potions, treatements, and methods pf diognosis in a single text thereby establishing medical paradigm and philosophy

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7
Q

Why did rival philosophy exist

A

There wasnt a tradition and rival philosophies of diff schools(based on confusian, toaist, and bhuddist) and competing lining existed

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8
Q

Who provided a solution to all these rival philosophy

A

The yellow emperor

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9
Q

What was the solution of the yellow emperor to these rival philosophies

A

The yellow emperor build a common system of medical philosophy and practice with the Confucian and Taoist

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10
Q

What were the chinese advances in late han dynasty?

A

Z.z wrote Shang zhang - treatement on cold, pathogens and misc diseases

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11
Q

Hipocrates of china was

A

Treatment of cold, pathogens and misc diseases (shang zhang)

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12
Q

What were the advances of china in the ming dynasty?

A

Pen thusao ( actual name - pen tsao kang mu) wrote compedium of materia medica , compiled by li shun

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13
Q

Content of compendium of materia medica ?

A

Medicinal prop of 1880 plants
Animal substances and minerals

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14
Q

Who used summerian clay tablets?

A

Islamic medicine

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15
Q

Why was summerian clay aptablets so useful

A

Retained info for the longest time

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16
Q

What did islamic medicine written on Sumerian tablets offered

A

Remarkable objective
Sophisticated pharmacology based on utilization of numerous medicinal plant preparations

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17
Q

When did islamic medicine start rising?

A

During the 8th century, when arab and persian cultures started rising

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18
Q

Why is it said that islamic medicine evolved from preceding cultures ?

A

Many different cukture met through established trade routes and that how the information was achieved

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19
Q

What preceding culture did islamic medicine evolve from?

A

Iraq (mesopotamia), India, Greece, Persia, Egypt, N.A

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20
Q

Hunayun ibn ishaaq

A

Translated the works of galen to Arabic in 800s

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21
Q

The infusion of various cultural sources helped……

A

Organize medical knowledge
Greater objectivity in selection and use of specific herbal treatments

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22
Q

Islamic medicine underwent great advances during

A

8 to 11 century , extending to N.A and Iberian peninsula (Spain /Portugal)

23
Q

What were the advances in Islamic medicine during 8th to 11th century

A

1- ibn al jazzar - kittab al adwiya (treatments on simple drugs)
2- also zad al musafir - provision of the travellers and nourishments for the settler encyclopedia in 7 volumes

24
Q

Kitab al adeiya was translated into …

A

Latin (liber de gradibus ), greek, hebrew by constatain the african

25
Q

Zad al musafir was translated to…

A

This was a compedum of islam , greek and roman and was translated to latin ( viaticum paragrinantis) by constatain the african

26
Q

Kital al adwiya and zad al musafir became imp medical texts in

A

Medieval Europe and widely used by salerno and montpeller school

27
Q

Ayurvedic Medicine is similar to ……………… medicine

A

Chinese medicine

28
Q

What are the similarities between Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine

A

Holistic approach
Stresses the importance of integration and balance of life

29
Q

What are two levels of Ayurvedic treatements?

A

Ministerial level and sovereign level

30
Q

Ministerial level

A

Provides herbal remedy for each ailment
Western medicine

31
Q

Sovereign level

A

Provides herbal mixtures or portions to defeat all ministries of illness.
Treats the root causes of ministerial level ailments

32
Q

What are the three levels of medicine in Ayurvedic Medicine?

A

Cleansing (shadon)
Palliation (shaman)
Rejuvenation (rasayanna)

33
Q

Cleansing treatment

A

Includes purging, blood cleansing and nasal cleansing to remove bodily toxins.

34
Q

Palliation stage

A

Taking of herbs , fasting, chanting, yoga, meditation and sunning to achieve a balance if doshas

35
Q

Rejuvenation stage

A

Use of herbal tonics to revitalize the metabolism

36
Q

…………….. plays a key role in all 3 treatements

A

Herbal preparations

37
Q

Doshas

A

These are the types of body structures and metabolism, which are determined individually by an Ayurvedic practitioner prior to treatment.

38
Q

The history of Ayurveda begins with …………….

A

Rigveda

39
Q

Rigveda

A
  • 1028 hymns - praising the virtues of divine soma
40
Q

Divine soma

A

Bloomless , rootless, leafless plant or substance having divine and mystical properties

41
Q

Where was rigveda written ?

A

On the high plateaus of central Asia (northern Iran) and bought to india by Aryan people

42
Q

Ayurveda contents

A

Consists of eight sections dealing with internal medicine, surgery, head and neck, toxicology, mental disorders, pediatrics, geriatrics, and aphrodisiacs

43
Q

Two expanded works that followed Ayurveda?

A

The Sushruta samhita (sushrutas compedium)
The charaka samhita ( charakas compedium)

44
Q

The sushrita samhita

A

Detailed text on surgery , therapeutics and medical plants

45
Q

Charakas compedium

A

12 chapters on medical plantsknown to ancient Hindus

46
Q

When was Ayurvedic on its peak

A

During the existence of alexander the great. The greek and indians were in communications during this time

47
Q

The advanced knowledge of herbal therapy and toxicology in india was reported by ………

A

Dioscorides

48
Q

What were the contents written by discorides that made it to india?

A

Herbal therapy
Toxicology
Plants of indian origin eg datura and strychnix nux vomica , and cronton.

49
Q

The Roman later developed an extensive trade in indian drugs to comment on……..

A

The high cost of importing and spices from the Indian continent

50
Q

……………… brought many changes in the ayurvedic medicine

A

The advent to buddhism

51
Q

What were the changes made from the advent to budhism

A

Surgery - ass with great pain , therefore was viewed as a form of violence and banned
Herbal lore
The establishment of medical plant gardens

52
Q

Buddhism spread ayurvedic medical concepts to………

A

Sri lanka, nepal, tibet, mongolia, china, korea, and japan

53
Q

When did ayurvedic decline begin ?

A

During successive invasions of indian subcontinent by greek, scythians and islamic Arabs. By the time the islamic medicine was introduced to India. Ayurveda was already in decline

Biol 3290 (7 decks)

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