Pages 3 And 4 - History of Medicinal Plants

Question 1

Two ancinet emperors of the chines

Answer 1

Yellow emperoro- Huangdi
Fire emperor - shenong

Question 2

Two foundation of Chinese Medicine

Answer 2

Huangdi Neija - Cannon if Internal Medicine
Shannong Ben - Classic of Herbal Medicine

Question 3

These two foundation of chinese medicine was written in what time period?

Answer 3

Han dynasty

Question 4

What was the tradition at the time regarding authorization?

Answer 4

Authorisation was issued to imp persons and teachers of the past that greatly influenced thevtrue authors

Question 5

Who were the first great chinese medical complications

Answer 5

Huangdiv and shenning

Question 6

Why were these the great complications of china?

Answer 6

Because they combined all potions, treatements, and methods pf diognosis in a single text thereby establishing medical paradigm and philosophy

Question 7

Why did rival philosophy exist

Answer 7

There wasnt a tradition and rival philosophies of diff schools(based on confusian, toaist, and bhuddist) and competing lining existed

Question 8

Who provided a solution to all these rival philosophy

Answer 8

The yellow emperor

Question 9

What was the solution of the yellow emperor to these rival philosophies

Answer 9

The yellow emperor build a common system of medical philosophy and practice with the Confucian and Taoist

Question 10

What were the chinese advances in late han dynasty?

Answer 10

Z.z wrote Shang zhang - treatement on cold, pathogens and misc diseases

Question 11

Hipocrates of china was

Answer 11

Treatment of cold, pathogens and misc diseases (shang zhang)

Question 12

What were the advances of china in the ming dynasty?

Answer 12

Pen thusao ( actual name - pen tsao kang mu) wrote compedium of materia medica , compiled by li shun

Question 13

Content of compendium of materia medica ?

Answer 13

Medicinal prop of 1880 plants
Animal substances and minerals

Question 14

Who used summerian clay tablets?

Answer 14

Islamic medicine

Question 15

Why was summerian clay aptablets so useful

Answer 15

Retained info for the longest time

Question 16

What did islamic medicine written on Sumerian tablets offered

Answer 16

Remarkable objective
Sophisticated pharmacology based on utilization of numerous medicinal plant preparations

Question 17

When did islamic medicine start rising?

Answer 17

During the 8th century, when arab and persian cultures started rising

Question 18

Why is it said that islamic medicine evolved from preceding cultures ?

Answer 18

Many different cukture met through established trade routes and that how the information was achieved

Question 19

What preceding culture did islamic medicine evolve from?

Answer 19

Iraq (mesopotamia), India, Greece, Persia, Egypt, N.A

Question 20

Hunayun ibn ishaaq

Answer 20

Translated the works of galen to Arabic in 800s

Question 21

The infusion of various cultural sources helped……

Answer 21

Organize medical knowledge
Greater objectivity in selection and use of specific herbal treatments

Question 22

Islamic medicine underwent great advances during

Answer 22

8 to 11 century , extending to N.A and Iberian peninsula (Spain /Portugal)

Question 23

What were the advances in Islamic medicine during 8th to 11th century

Answer 23

1- ibn al jazzar - kittab al adwiya (treatments on simple drugs)
2- also zad al musafir - provision of the travellers and nourishments for the settler encyclopedia in 7 volumes

Question 24

Kitab al adeiya was translated into …

Answer 24

Latin (liber de gradibus ), greek, hebrew by constatain the african

Question 25

Zad al musafir was translated to…

Answer 25

This was a compedum of islam , greek and roman and was translated to latin ( viaticum paragrinantis) by constatain the african

Question 26

Kital al adwiya and zad al musafir became imp medical texts in

Answer 26

Medieval Europe and widely used by salerno and montpeller school

Question 27

Ayurvedic Medicine is similar to ……………… medicine

Answer 27

Chinese medicine

Question 28

What are the similarities between Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine

Answer 28

Holistic approach Stresses the importance of integration and balance of life

Question 29

What are two levels of Ayurvedic treatements?

Answer 29

Ministerial level and sovereign level

Question 30

Ministerial level

Answer 30

Provides herbal remedy for each ailment Western medicine

Question 31

Sovereign level

Answer 31

Provides herbal mixtures or portions to defeat all ministries of illness. Treats the root causes of ministerial level ailments

Question 32

What are the three levels of medicine in Ayurvedic Medicine?

Answer 32

Cleansing (shadon) Palliation (shaman) Rejuvenation (rasayanna)

Question 33

Cleansing treatment

Answer 33

Includes purging, blood cleansing and nasal cleansing to remove bodily toxins.

Question 34

Palliation stage

Answer 34

Taking of herbs , fasting, chanting, yoga, meditation and sunning to achieve a balance if doshas

Question 35

Rejuvenation stage

Answer 35

Use of herbal tonics to revitalize the metabolism

Question 36

…………….. plays a key role in all 3 treatements

Answer 36

Herbal preparations

Question 37

Doshas

Answer 37

These are the types of body structures and metabolism, which are determined individually by an Ayurvedic practitioner prior to treatment.

Question 38

The history of Ayurveda begins with …………….

Answer 38

Rigveda

Question 39

Rigveda

Answer 39

- 1028 hymns - praising the virtues of divine soma

Question 40

Divine soma

Answer 40

Bloomless , rootless, leafless plant or substance having divine and mystical properties

Question 41

Where was rigveda written ?

Answer 41

On the high plateaus of central Asia (northern Iran) and bought to india by Aryan people

Question 42

Ayurveda contents

Answer 42

Consists of eight sections dealing with internal medicine, surgery, head and neck, toxicology, mental disorders, pediatrics, geriatrics, and aphrodisiacs

Question 43

Two expanded works that followed Ayurveda?

Answer 43

The Sushruta samhita (sushrutas compedium) The charaka samhita ( charakas compedium)

Question 44

The sushrita samhita

Answer 44

Detailed text on surgery , therapeutics and medical plants

Question 45

Charakas compedium

Answer 45

12 chapters on medical plantsknown to ancient Hindus

Question 46

When was Ayurvedic on its peak

Answer 46

During the existence of alexander the great. The greek and indians were in communications during this time

Question 47

The advanced knowledge of herbal therapy and toxicology in india was reported by ………

Answer 47

Dioscorides

Question 48

What were the contents written by discorides that made it to india?

Answer 48

Herbal therapy Toxicology Plants of indian origin eg datura and strychnix nux vomica , and cronton.

Question 49

The Roman later developed an extensive trade in indian drugs to comment on……..

Answer 49

The high cost of importing and spices from the Indian continent

Question 50

……………… brought many changes in the ayurvedic medicine

Answer 50

The advent to buddhism

Question 51

What were the changes made from the advent to budhism

Answer 51

Surgery - ass with great pain , therefore was viewed as a form of violence and banned Herbal lore The establishment of medical plant gardens

Question 52

Buddhism spread ayurvedic medical concepts to………

Answer 52

Sri lanka, nepal, tibet, mongolia, china, korea, and japan

Question 53

When did ayurvedic decline begin ?

Answer 53

During successive invasions of indian subcontinent by greek, scythians and islamic Arabs. By the time the islamic medicine was introduced to India. Ayurveda was already in decline