Pages: 8-9 (Congenital Anomalies/Variants)

Question 1

_____: refers to when the arcuate foramen forms when the atlanto-occipital ligament calcifies. Transmits the sub-occipital nerve and the vertebral artery?

Answer 1

posterior ponticle (aka: posticus ponticus”)

Question 2

20% of Down Syndrome patients are born without what ligament?

Answer 2

transverse ligament

Question 3

What type of films should be taken on a patient with Down’s Syndrome?

Answer 3

Cervical stress films (Flexion/Extension)

Question 4

_____: refers to a normally developed cephalic part of the dens that is not fused with the body of C2?

a. ) Congenital block
b. ) Klipperl-Feil syndrome
c. ) Os Odontoideum
d. ) Pedicle agenesis

Answer 4

c.) Os Odontoideum

Question 5

_____: refers to contralateral pedicle hypertrophy and sclerosis?

a. ) Congenital block
b. ) Klipperl-Feil syndrome
c. ) Os Odontoideum
d. ) Pedicle agenesis

Answer 5

d.) Pedicle agenesis

Question 6

_____: associated with a patient who has a short webbed neck, low hair line, and decreased ROM?

a. ) Down’s syndrome
b. ) Klippel-Feil syndrome
c. ) Knife clasp syndrome
d. ) Myositis ossificans

Answer 6

b.) Klippel-Feil syndrome (aka: “Congenital Brevicollis”)

Question 7

_____: associated spina bifida of S1 with L5 spinous enlargement. Patient typically has pain with extension?

a. ) Down’s syndrome
b. ) Klippel-Feil syndrome
c. ) Knife clasp syndrome
d. ) Myositis ossificans

Answer 7

c.) Knife clasp syndrome

Question 8

_____: adjacent vertebra osseously fused from birth. Associated with Wasp Waist and hypo plastic discs?

a. ) Butterfly vertebra
b. ) Congenital block
c. ) Hemivertebrae
d. ) Transitional vertebrae

Answer 8

b.) Congenital block

Question 9

_____: associated with a Gibbus deformity, a developmental failure of the lateral ossification center. Isolated wedged vertebra causing a scoliosis?

a. ) Butterfly vertebra
b. ) Congenital block
c. ) Hemivertebrae
d. ) Transitional vertebrae

Answer 9

c.) Hemivertebrae

Question 10

_____: failure of the center of the vertebral body to ossify properly, most commonly seen in the lumbar and thoracic spine?

a. ) Butterfly vertebra
b. ) Congenital block
c. ) Hemivertebrae
d. ) Transitional vertebrae

Answer 10

a.) Butterfly vertebra

Question 11

_____: refers to when the L5 transverse processes fuse or form joints with the sacrum?

a. ) Lumbarization
b. ) Sacralization
c. ) Facet tropism
d. ) Spina bifida

Answer 11

b.) Sacralization

Question 12

_____: refers to having 6 lumbars, the 1st sacral segment appears like a lumbar segment?

a. ) Lumbarization
b. ) Sacralization
c. ) Facet tropism
d. ) Spina bifida

Answer 12

a.) Lumbarization

Question 13

_____: a failure of the lamina to fuse?

a. ) Lumbarization
b. ) Sacralization
c. ) Facet tropism
d. ) Spina bifida

Answer 13

d.) Spina bifida

Question 14

Klippel-Feil Syndrome is associated with what 3 things specifically?

Answer 14

• Females
• Sprengle’s Deformity
• Omovertebral bones

Question 15

1. ) Spina bifida has elevated _____?

2. ) Spina bifida has a deficiency in _____?

Answer 15

1. ) alpha-fetoprotein

2. ) folic acid

Question 16

What is the MC location for Facet Tropism to occur at?

a. ) L2/L3
b. ) L5/S1
c. ) L4/L5
d. ) L3/L4

Answer 16

b.) L5/S1

Question 17

_____: refers to the coxa-femoral angle being less than 120 degrees?

a. ) Coxa valga
b. ) Coxa vara

Answer 17

b.) Coxa vara

Question 18

_____: refers to the coxa-femoral angle being greater than 130 degrees?

a. ) Coxa valga
b. ) Coxa vara

Answer 18

a.) Coxa valga

Question 19

What line of Mensuration is associated with identifying the Coxa-femoral angle?

Answer 19

Mikulicz’s line of mensuration

Question 20

_____: refers to a shortened distal radius, asymmetric prominence of the ulnar styloid and a posterior subluxation of the distal ulna?

a. ) Positive ulnar variance
b. ) Negative ulnar variance
c. ) Madelung’s deformity
d. ) Sprengle’s deformity

Answer 20

c.) Madelung’s deformity

Question 21

_____: refers to ulna being unusually shorter than the radius, seen with scapho-lunate dislocations?

a. ) Positive ulnar variance
b. ) Negative ulnar variance
c. ) Madelung’s deformity
d. ) Sprengle’s deformity

Answer 21

b.) Negative ulnar variance