Pages: 12-18 (Lines of Mensuration) - 9% Flashcards
A line is drawn from the nasion to the center of the sella turcica. A line is drawn from the basion (anterior foramen magnum) to the center of the sella turcica?
a. ) McGregor’s line
b. ) Chamberlain’s line
c. ) Macrae’s line
d. ) Martin’s Basilar angle
d.) Martin’s Basilar angle
A line is drawn from the hard palate to the base of the occiput?
a. ) McGregor’s line
b. ) Chamberlain’s line
c. ) Macrae’s line
d. ) Martin’s Basilar angle
a.) McGregor’s line
A line is drawn from the hard palate to the opisthion (posterior foramen magnum)?
a. ) McGregor’s line
b. ) Chamberlain’s line
c. ) Macrae’s line
d. ) Martin’s Basilar angle
b.) Chamberlain’s line
A line is drawn from the anterior foramen magnum (basion) to the posterior foramen magnum (opisthion)?
a. ) McGregor’s line
b. ) Chamberlain’s line
c. ) Macrae’s line
d. ) Martin’s Basilar angle
c.) Macrae’s line
A line drawn along the posterior body margins is used to check alignment with what should be a smooth, continuous line?
a. ) Posterior cervical line
b. ) George’s line
c. ) Jackson’s stress line
d. ) Canal body line
b.) George’s line
Lines drawn at each spinolaminar junction should form a smooth arc-like curve?
a. ) Posterior cervical line
b. ) George’s line
c. ) Jackson’s stress line
d. ) Canal body line
a.) Posterior cervical line
Lines drawn at the posterior bodies of C2 and C7?
a. ) Posterior cervical line
b. ) George’s line
c. ) Jackson’s stress line
d. ) Canal body line
c.) Jackson’s stress line
- Flexion should intersect at C5/C6
- Extension should intersect at C4/C5
The Retropharngeal space is located at what vertebral level?
a. ) C6-C7
b. ) C2-C4
c. ) C5
d. ) C8
b.) C2-C4
The Retrotracheal space is located at what vertebral level?
a. ) C6-C7
b. ) C2-C4
c. ) C5
d. ) C8
a.) C6-C7
The Retrolaryngeal space is located at what vertebral level?
a. ) C6-C7
b. ) C2-C4
c. ) C5
d. ) C8
c.) C5
Inidicative of a soft tissue mass (tumor, infection, or hematoma) if….
- ) Retropharyngeal: _____?
- ) Retrolarngeal: _____?
- ) Retrotracheal: _____?
- ) greater than 7 mm
- ) greater than 14 mm
- ) greater than 22 mm
If Martin’s Basilar Angle is _____ it is indicative of _____?
- greater than 152 degrees
- platybasia or basilar impression
In regards to McGregor’s line…
- ) If the odontoid is _____ above the line in MALES, indicates _____?
- ) If the odontoid is _____ above the line in FEMALES, indicates _____?
- ) greater than 8 mm, basilar impression
2. ) greater than 10 mm, basilar impression
In regards to Chamberlain’s line…
1.) If the odontoid is _____ above the line in Males/Females = _____?
1.) greater than 7 mm, basilar impression
In regards to Macrae’s line…
1.) If the _____ is above the line, this indicates = _____?
1.) occipital bone, basilar impression
ADI interspace
- ) If ADI is _____ in Adults, indicates _____?
- ) If ADI is _____ in Children, indicates _____?
- ) greater than 3 mm, transverse ligament rupture/instability
- ) greater than 5 mm, transverse ligament rupture/instability
If George’s line is discontinuous, it may indicate _____?
anterolisthesis or retrolisthesis
If the Posterior Cervical line is discontinuous, it may indicate _____?
anterolisthesis or retrolisthesis
This is the preferred method of Scoliosis evaluation?
a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method
b.) Cobb’s method
Locate the superior and inferior extremes of scoliosis. Draw a parallel line through the superior endplate of the extreme superior vertebra and through the inferior endplate of the extreme inferior vertebra. Intersecting perpendicular lines are drawn and the angle is measured?
a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method
b.) Cobb’s method
Locate superior and inferior extremes of scoliosis and the apical segment. Diagonal lines are drawn to locate the center of the vertebral bodies. Two lines are drawn connecting the center of the apical segment with each end vertebra, which gives you a resultant angle measured?
a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method
a.) Risser-Ferguson method
Risser-Ferguson Method of scoliosis has values _____ below Cobb’s Method of evaluation?
a. ) 10%
b. ) 15%
c. ) 20%
d. ) 25%
d.) 25%
A tangential line is drawn parallel and through the posterior margin of S1 and a vertical line is drawn intersecting the sacral line?
a. ) Lumbosacral angle
b. ) Sacral inclination
c. ) Ulmann’s line
d. ) Lumbosacral disc angle
b.) Sacral inclination
A oblique line drawn through and parallel to the sacral base. A horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge of the film?
a. ) Lumbosacral angle
b. ) Sacral inclination
c. ) Ulmann’s line
d. ) Lumbosacral disc angle
a.) Lumbosacral angle (aka: “Sacral Base angle” or “Ferguson’s angle”)
Lines are drawn parallel and through the inferior endplate of L5 and the superior endplate of S1?
a. ) Lumbosacral angle
b. ) Sacral inclination
c. ) Ulmann’s line
d. ) Lumbosacral disc angle
d.) Lumbosacral disc angle
A line drawn parallel and through the sacral base. A perpendicular line drawn from the sacral promontory?
a. ) Lumbosacral angle
b. ) Sacral inclination
c. ) Ulmann’s line
d. ) Lumbosacral disc angle
c.) Ulmann’s line (aka: “Garland Thomas line”)
What is the NORMAL Sacral Inclination angle/Sacral Base angle/Ferguson’s angle?
a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees
c.) 30-72 degrees
What is the AVERAGE Sacral Inclination angle/Sacral Base angle/Ferguson’s angle?
a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees
a.) 46 degrees
What is the NORMAL Lumbosacral Angle?
a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees
d.) 26-57 degrees
What is the AVERAGE Lumbosacral Angle?
a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees
b.) 41 degrees
What is the NORMAL Lumbosacral Disc Angle?
a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees
e.) 10-15 degrees
Which of the following determines the degree of anterolisthesis?
a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method
c.) Meyerding’s grading method
A line drawn to connect the tips of the superior and inferior articular processes. The distance to posterior body margin at the midpoint is measured?
a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method
d.) Eisenstein’s method
The sacral base is divided into quarters and the relative position of the posterior inferior aspect of L5 is made?
a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method
c.) Meyerding’s grading method
In regards to the Garland Thomas line, if L5 is beyond the perpendicular line it indicates?
spondylolisthesis
What is Eisenstein’s method used for?
Sagittal Canal measurment
1.) If the measurement of Eisenstein’s method is _____, indicates _____?
1.) less than 15 mm, spinal canal stenosis
What 4 things are used for the dimensions to determine the canal/body ratio?
- ) interpedicular distance
- ) sagittal canal dimension (Eisenstein’s method)
- ) transverse body dimension
- ) sagitall body dimension
Ratio Equation = 1x2 / 3x4
- gives you the ratio
- ) A canal ratio of _____ at L3 or L4 indicates canal stenosis.
- ) A canal ratio of _____ at L5 indicates canal stenosis.
- ) greater than 1:6
- ) 1:6.5
- The HIGHER the ratio the SMALLER the canal!!!!
A vertical line is drawn through the center of the L3 vertebral body. This line should intersect the sacral base?
a. ) Macnab’s line
b. ) Ferguson’s line
c. ) Hadley’s “S” curve
d. ) Kohler’s line
b.) Ferguson’s line (aka: “Lumbar Gravity line”)
A line is drawn parallel and through the inferior endplate?
a. ) Macnab’s line
b. ) Ferguson’s line
c. ) Hadley’s “S” curve
d. ) Kohler’s line
a.) Macnab’s line
A curvilinear line is drawn along the inferior aspect of the TP, and the inferior articular process, and through the joint space to the superior articular process of the vertebra below?
a. ) Macnab’s line
b. ) Ferguson’s line
c. ) Hadley’s “S” curve
d. ) Kohler’s line
c.) Hadley’s “S” curve
A line is drawn along the pelvic inlet to the outer aspect of the obturator forearm?
a. ) Macnab’s line
b. ) Ferguson’s line
c. ) Hadley’s “S” curve
d. ) Kohler’s line
d.) Kohler’s line
What is indicated if Macnab’s line intersects the Superior Articular Process of the vertebra BELOW?
facet imbrication or extension malposition
- ) If the Lumbar Gravity Line is ANTERIOR to the sacrum, indicates _____?
- ) If the Lumbar Gravity Line is POSTERIOR to the sacrum, indicates _____?
- ) HYPERlordosis
2. ) HYPOlordosis
If the acetabular floor crosses Kohler’s line, this indicates _____?
acetabular protrusion (aka: “protrusio acetabuli”)
An interruption of Hadley’s “S” curve, indicates _____?
subluxation or facet imbrication
A smooth curvilinear line is drawn along the inferior femoral neck to the superior aspect of the obturator foramen?
a. ) Iliofemoral angle
b. ) Shenton’s line
c. ) Mikulicz’s angle
d. ) Skinner’s line
b.) Shenton’s line
A smooth curvilinear line is drawn along the outer ilium, across the joint and onto the femoral neck?
a. ) Iliofemoral angle
b. ) Shenton’s line
c. ) Mikulicz’s angle
d. ) Skinner’s line
a.) Iliofemoral angle
A line is drawn through and parallel to the femoral shaft. A perpendicular line is drawn to the tip of the greater trochanter?
a. ) Iliofemoral angle
b. ) Shenton’s line
c. ) Mikulicz’s angle
d. ) Skinner’s line
d.) Skinner’s line
Two lines are drawn through and parallel to the mid-axis of the femoral shaft and the femoral neck?
a. ) Iliofemoral angle
b. ) Shenton’s line
c. ) Mikulicz’s angle
d. ) Skinner’s line
c.) Mikulicz’s angle (aka: “Femoral angle”)
An interrupted, discontinuous Shenton’s line, indicates _____?
SCFE (Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis)
Bilateral asymmetry of the Iliofemoral lines, indicates _____?
SCFE (Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis)
In regards to Skinner’s line…
- ) The FOVEA CAPITUS should lie _____ or at the level of the greater trochanter line.
- ) If the FOVEA CAPITUS is _____, it indicates _____?
- ) above
2. ) below, coxa vara or fracture
A line drawn along the outer margin of the femoral neck?
a. ) Kohler’s line
b. ) Klein’s line
c. ) Boehler’s angle
d. ) Patellar position
b.) Klein’s line
A line drawn between the superior and inferior patellar pole. A line is drawn between the inferior patellar pole and the tibial tubercle?
a. ) Kohler’s line
b. ) Klein’s line
c. ) Boehler’s angle
d. ) Patellar position
d.) Patellar position
The three highest points on the superior aspect of the CALCANEUS are connected with two lines?
a. ) Kohler’s line
b. ) Klein’s line
c. ) Boehler’s angle
d. ) Patellar position
c.) Boehler’s angle
The shortest distance is measured between the plantar surface of the calcaneus and the external skin contour?
a. ) Patellar position
b. ) Heel pad measurement
c. ) Boehler’s angle
d. ) Kohler’s line
b.) Heel pad measurement
In regards to Klein’s line…
1.) The femoral head should intersect the line. Failure to intersect the line, indicates _____?
1.) SCFE (Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis)
In regards to Patellar Position…
1.) Patellar length and patellar tendon length should approximately be EQUAL! If the tendon is 20% GREATER than the patellar length, it indicates _____?
1.) patella ALTA
In regards to Heel Pad Measurement…
- ) If this distance is _____ in a MALE, indicates _____?
- ) If this distance is _____ in a FEMALE, indicates _____?
- ) greater than 25 mm, acromegaly
2. ) greater than 23 mm, acromegaly
In regards to Boehler’s angle…
- ) If the resultant angle is _____, this indicates _____?
- ) A normal Boehler’s angle is _____?
- ) less than 28 degrees, calcanea fracture or dysplastic calcaneus
- ) 28-40 degrees
