Pages: 6-8 (Types of Fractures, Fractures and Dislocations) Flashcards
Which type of fracture causes a portion of bone torn away by muscle or ligament tractional force?
avulsion fracture
Which type of fracture is caused by an insufficiency or repetitive trauma to the bone?
stress/fatigue fracture
Which type of fracture is associated with having more than two fragments?
comminuted fracture
Which type of fracture is clinically evident but not seen on x-ray?
occult fracture
Which type of fracture is associated with displacement or separation of a slightly moveable joint?
diastasis
Which type of fracture is considered an incomplete fracture, because only one side of the cortex is affected?
torus/buckling fracture
Which type of fracture causes the skin to rupture and expose the bone?
compound/open fracture
Which type of fracture is associated with bone fragments driven into one another?
impaction fracture
Which type of fracture is considered an incomplete fracture in children?
greenstick/hickory fracture
How long will it take an Occult Fracture to show up radiographically?
7-10 days from the day of injury
This is a fracture of the 1st metacarpal, which extends into the carpometacarpal joint?
a. ) Rolando’s
b. ) Boxer’s
c. ) Bennett’s
d. ) Jones
c.) Bennett’s
This is a comminuted intra-articular fracture through the base of the first metacarpal bone?
a. ) Rolando’s
b. ) Boxer’s
c. ) Bennett’s
d. ) Jones
a.) Rolando’s
This is a fracture of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal?
a. ) Bar room
b. ) Boxer’s
c. ) Bennett’s
d. ) Jones
b.) Boxer’s
This is a fracture of the 4th or 5th metacarpal?
a. ) Bar room
b. ) Boxer’s
c. ) Bennett’s
d. ) Jones
a.) Bar room
This is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
a. ) Lunate
b. ) Trapezium
c. ) Trapezoid
d. ) Scaphoid
d.) Scaphoid
This is a fracture of the proximal ulna?
a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s
d.) Nightstick
This is a fracture of the ulna with radial head displacement?
a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s
b.) Monteggia
This is a fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement of the distal fragment?
a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s
a.) Colles
This is a fracture of the distal radius with anterior displacement of the distal fragment?
a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s
e.) Smith’s (aka: “Reverse Colles Fracture”)
This is a fracture of the distal 1/3 of the radius with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint?
a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s
c.) Galeazzi
This is a stress fracture of the 2nd, 3rd, of 4th metatarsals?
a. ) Dancer’s
b. ) Jones
c. ) March
d. ) Sander’s
c. ) March
- Named after the “Military” March b/c of the high population of soldiers who obtained this fx from marching miles during war.
This is a transverse fracture at the proximal fifth metatarsal?
a. ) Dancer’s
b. ) Jones
c. ) March
d. ) Sander’s
b.) Jones
This is a avulsion fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal?
a. ) Dancer’s
b. ) Jones
c. ) March
d. ) Sander’s
a.) Dancer’s
This is a fracture of the calcaneus?
a. ) Dancer’s
b. ) Jones
c. ) March
d. ) Sander’s
d.) Sander’s
This is an avulsion fracture of the spinous process, most commonly found at C6-T1?
a. ) Hangman’s
b. ) Jefferson Bursting
c. ) Clay Shoveler’s
d. ) Chance
c.) Clay Shoveler’s
This is a bilateral pedicle fracture of C2 due to a hyper-extension injury?
a. ) Hangman’s
b. ) Jefferson Bursting
c. ) Clay Shoveler’s
d. ) Chance
a.) Hangman’s
This is a fracture through the anterior and posterior arches of atlas due to axial compression?
a. ) Hangman’s
b. ) Jefferson Bursting
c. ) Clay Shoveler’s
d. ) Chance
b.) Jefferson Bursting
This is a horizontal fracture through a single body and posterior arch most commonly found at L1-L3?
a. ) Hangman’s
b. ) Jefferson Bursting
c. ) Clay Shoveler’s
d. ) Chance
d. ) Chance
- aka: Seatbelt fracture
Which type of odontoid fracture is an avulsion of the tip of the dens?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
a.) Type I
Which type of odontoid fracture is through the body of C2?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
c.) Type III
Which type of odontoid fracture is through the base of the dens?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
b.) Type II
This is an avulsion fracture of the anterior inferior aspect of the vertebral body from a hyperextension trauma, most commonly at C2?
a. ) Hangman’s
b. ) Type III Odontoid fracture
c. ) Jefferson Bursting
d. ) Teardrop
d.) Teardrop
A fracture through any open growth plate is termed what?
Salter-Harris
Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a Horizontal fracture through the Growth Plate?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
a.) Type I
Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a Compression deformity of the Growth Plate?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
e.) Type V
Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a fracture through the Growth Plate and Metaphysis?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
b.) Type II
Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a fracture through the Growth Plate, Metaphysis and Epiphysis?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
d.) Type IV
Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a fracture through the Growth Plate and Epiphysis?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
c.) Type III
Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is the most common?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
b.) Type II
Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is the most severe?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
e.) Type V
Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is associated with a Thurston-Holland sign?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
b.) Type II
What mechanism of injury causes a Clay Shoveler’s fracture?
a. ) Hyper-flexion
b. ) Hyper-extension
c. ) Lateral flexion
d. ) Axial compression
a.) Hyper-flexion
What mechanism of injury causes a Hangman’s fracture?
a. ) Hyper-flexion
b. ) Hyper-extension
c. ) Lateral flexion
d. ) Axial compression
b.) Hyper-extension
What mechanism of injury causes a Jefferson Bursting fracture?
a. ) Hyper-flexion
b. ) Hyper-extension
c. ) Lateral flexion
d. ) Axial compression
d.) Axial compression
What mechanism of injury causes a Teardrop fracture?
a. ) Hyper-flexion
b. ) Hyper-extension
c. ) Lateral flexion
d. ) Axial compression
b.) Hyper-extension
Which type of fracture is associated with acute anterior cervical cord syndrome?
a. ) Hangman’s
b. ) Type III Odontoid fracture
c. ) Jefferson Bursting
d. ) Teardrop
d.) Teardrop
This is an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity?
a. ) Chance
b. ) Teardrop
c. ) Jones
d. ) Rider’s Bone
d.) Rider’s Bone
This is a fracture through the pars interarticularis without slippage?
a. ) Spondyloptosis
b. ) Spondylolysis
c. ) Spondylolisthesis
d. ) Spondylodidymia
b.) Spondylolysis
This is a slippage of the vertebral body with or without a fracture?
a. ) Spondyloptosis
b. ) Spondylolysis
c. ) Spondylolisthesis
d. ) Spondylodidymia
c.) Spondylolisthesis
Which type of spondylolisthesis is a fracture through the pars?
a. ) Dysplastic
b. ) Traumatic
c. ) Degenerative
d. ) Isthmic
e. ) Pathological
d.) Isthmic (Type II)
Which type of spondylolisthesis is fracture through the pedicle?
a. ) Dysplastic
b. ) Traumatic
c. ) Degenerative
d. ) Isthmic
e. ) Pathological
b.) Traumatic (Type IV)
Which type of spondylolisthesis is caused by DJD of the facet joint?
a. ) Dysplastic
b. ) Traumatic
c. ) Degenerative
d. ) Isthmic
e. ) Pathological
c. ) Degenerative (Type III)
- aka: Pseudospondylolisthesis
Which type of spondylolisthesis is a congenital defect?
a. ) Dysplastic
b. ) Traumatic
c. ) Degenerative
d. ) Isthmic
e. ) Pathological
a.) Dysplastic (Type I)
Which type of spondylolisthesis is occurs most commonly at L5?
a. ) Dysplastic
b. ) Traumatic
c. ) Degenerative
d. ) Isthmic
e. ) Pathological
d.) Isthmic (Type II)
Which type of spondylolisthesis is occurs most commonly at L4?
a. ) Dysplastic
b. ) Traumatic
c. ) Degenerative
d. ) Isthmic
e. ) Pathological
c. ) Degenerative (Type III)
- aka: Pseudospondylolisthesis
What special diagnostic test is helpful for spondylolisthesis?
a. ) MRI
b. ) CT
c. ) SPECT
d. ) Bone scan
c.) SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography)
An inverted Napoleon Hat sign is associated with what grades of spondylolisthesis?
Grade 3 and more
This is total forward displacement of the L5 vertebral body beyond the sacral promontory?
a. ) Spondyloptosis
b. ) Spondylolysis
c. ) Spondylolisthesis
d. ) Spondylodidymia
a.) Spondyloptosis
What type of radiographic views are helpful in analyzing stability?
a. ) Oblique
b. ) Lateral
c. ) Flexion and extension
d. ) All the above
c.) Flexion and extension
What condition is associated with tibial apophysitis, most commonly seen in ages 10-16 y/o will pinpoint pain and swelling?
Osgood Schlatter’s
What type of brace is used to help with Osgood Schlatter’s?
a. ) Milwaukee brace
b. ) Charleston brace
c. ) Boston brace
d. ) Cho-Pat brace
d.) Cho-Pat brace
This the the most commonly dislocated carpal bone?
a. ) Scaphoid
b. ) Pisiform
c. ) Lunate
d. ) Trapezium
c.) Lunate
What “sign” is associated with a Lunate Dislocation?
Pie sign
What “sign” is associated with a Scaphoid Dislocation?
Terry Thomas sign
Signet Ring sign
Chronic dislocation of this joint may present with a Bankhart and/or Hill-Sachs/Hatchet Deformity?
a. ) Radio-ulnar
b. ) Talofibular
c. ) Tibiofibular
d. ) Glenohumeral
d.) Glenohumeral
This is a glenoid labral tear associated with instability?
a. ) Bankhart
b. ) Hill-Sachs
c. ) Hatchet deformity
d. ) SLAP
d. ) SLAP
- Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior
Which type of Salter-Harris injury is SCFE?
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
e. ) Type V
a.) Type I
Which of the following is associated with a Dancer’s fracture?
a. ) Peroneous tertius
b. ) Peroneous longus
c. ) Peroneous brevis
d. ) Achilles tendon
c.) Peroneous brevis
What is the most common location for a Teardrop fracture?
C2
- On Part 3 you will have an image of a Teardrop fracture at C4 on a vignette.
How is Tibial apophysitis treated?
Cho-Pat brace
What orthopedic test is indicative of a spondylolisthesis?
(+) Stork’s test
What type of radiographs do you take for a person with Spondylolisthesis?
Flexion/Extension or Traction films
Which type of spondylolisthesis occurs most commonly at C2?
a. ) Dysplastic
b. ) Traumatic
c. ) Degenerative
d. ) Isthmic
e. ) Pathological
b.) Traumatic (Type IV)
***Hangman’s fracture = bilateral pedicle fracture
