Pages: 6-8 (Types of Fractures, Fractures and Dislocations)

Question 1

Which type of fracture causes a portion of bone torn away by muscle or ligament tractional force?

Answer 1

avulsion fracture

Question 2

Which type of fracture is caused by an insufficiency or repetitive trauma to the bone?

Answer 2

stress/fatigue fracture

Question 3

Which type of fracture is associated with having more than two fragments?

Answer 3

comminuted fracture

Question 4

Which type of fracture is clinically evident but not seen on x-ray?

Answer 4

occult fracture

Question 5

Which type of fracture is associated with displacement or separation of a slightly moveable joint?

Answer 5

diastasis

Question 6

Which type of fracture is considered an incomplete fracture, because only one side of the cortex is affected?

Answer 6

torus/buckling fracture

Question 7

Which type of fracture causes the skin to rupture and expose the bone?

Answer 7

compound/open fracture

Question 8

Which type of fracture is associated with bone fragments driven into one another?

Answer 8

impaction fracture

Question 9

Which type of fracture is considered an incomplete fracture in children?

Answer 9

greenstick/hickory fracture

Question 10

How long will it take an Occult Fracture to show up radiographically?

Answer 10

7-10 days from the day of injury

Question 11

This is a fracture of the 1st metacarpal, which extends into the carpometacarpal joint?

a. ) Rolando’s
b. ) Boxer’s
c. ) Bennett’s
d. ) Jones

Answer 11

c.) Bennett’s

Question 12

This is a comminuted intra-articular fracture through the base of the first metacarpal bone?

a. ) Rolando’s
b. ) Boxer’s
c. ) Bennett’s
d. ) Jones

Answer 12

a.) Rolando’s

Question 13

This is a fracture of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal?

a. ) Bar room
b. ) Boxer’s
c. ) Bennett’s
d. ) Jones

Answer 13

b.) Boxer’s

Question 14

This is a fracture of the 4th or 5th metacarpal?

a. ) Bar room
b. ) Boxer’s
c. ) Bennett’s
d. ) Jones

Answer 14

a.) Bar room

Question 15

This is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

a. ) Lunate
b. ) Trapezium
c. ) Trapezoid
d. ) Scaphoid

Answer 15

d.) Scaphoid

Question 16

This is a fracture of the proximal ulna?

a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s

Answer 16

d.) Nightstick

Question 17

This is a fracture of the ulna with radial head displacement?

a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s

Answer 17

b.) Monteggia

Question 18

This is a fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement of the distal fragment?

a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s

Answer 18

a.) Colles

Question 19

This is a fracture of the distal radius with anterior displacement of the distal fragment?

a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s

Answer 19

e.) Smith’s (aka: “Reverse Colles Fracture”)

Question 20

This is a fracture of the distal 1/3 of the radius with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint?

a. ) Colles
b. ) Monteggia
c. ) Galeazzi
d. ) Nightstick
e. ) Smith’s

Answer 20

c.) Galeazzi

Question 21

This is a stress fracture of the 2nd, 3rd, of 4th metatarsals?

a. ) Dancer’s
b. ) Jones
c. ) March
d. ) Sander’s

Answer 21

c. ) March
- Named after the “Military” March b/c of the high population of soldiers who obtained this fx from marching miles during war.

Question 22

This is a transverse fracture at the proximal fifth metatarsal?

a. ) Dancer’s
b. ) Jones
c. ) March
d. ) Sander’s

Answer 22

b.) Jones

Question 23

This is a avulsion fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal?

a. ) Dancer’s
b. ) Jones
c. ) March
d. ) Sander’s

Answer 23

a.) Dancer’s

Question 24

This is a fracture of the calcaneus?

a. ) Dancer’s
b. ) Jones
c. ) March
d. ) Sander’s

Answer 24

d.) Sander’s

Question 25

This is an avulsion fracture of the spinous process, most commonly found at C6-T1? a. ) Hangman's b. ) Jefferson Bursting c. ) Clay Shoveler's d. ) Chance

Answer 25

c.) Clay Shoveler's

Question 26

This is a bilateral pedicle fracture of C2 due to a hyper-extension injury? a. ) Hangman's b. ) Jefferson Bursting c. ) Clay Shoveler's d. ) Chance

Answer 26

a.) Hangman's

Question 27

This is a fracture through the anterior and posterior arches of atlas due to axial compression? a. ) Hangman's b. ) Jefferson Bursting c. ) Clay Shoveler's d. ) Chance

Answer 27

b.) Jefferson Bursting

Question 28

This is a horizontal fracture through a single body and posterior arch most commonly found at L1-L3? a. ) Hangman's b. ) Jefferson Bursting c. ) Clay Shoveler's d. ) Chance

Answer 28

d. ) Chance | - aka: Seatbelt fracture

Question 29

Which type of odontoid fracture is an avulsion of the tip of the dens? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV

Answer 29

a.) Type I

Question 30

Which type of odontoid fracture is through the body of C2? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV

Answer 30

c.) Type III

Question 31

Which type of odontoid fracture is through the base of the dens? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV

Answer 31

b.) Type II

Question 32

This is an avulsion fracture of the anterior inferior aspect of the vertebral body from a hyperextension trauma, most commonly at C2? a. ) Hangman's b. ) Type III Odontoid fracture c. ) Jefferson Bursting d. ) Teardrop

Answer 32

d.) Teardrop

Question 33

A fracture through any open growth plate is termed what?

Answer 33

Salter-Harris

Question 34

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a Horizontal fracture through the Growth Plate? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 34

a.) Type I

Question 35

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a Compression deformity of the Growth Plate? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 35

e.) Type V

Question 36

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a fracture through the Growth Plate and Metaphysis? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 36

b.) Type II

Question 37

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a fracture through the Growth Plate, Metaphysis and Epiphysis? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 37

d.) Type IV

Question 38

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is a fracture through the Growth Plate and Epiphysis? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 38

c.) Type III

Question 39

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is the most common? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 39

b.) Type II

Question 40

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is the most severe? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 40

e.) Type V

Question 41

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is associated with a Thurston-Holland sign? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 41

b.) Type II

Question 42

What mechanism of injury causes a Clay Shoveler's fracture? a. ) Hyper-flexion b. ) Hyper-extension c. ) Lateral flexion d. ) Axial compression

Answer 42

a.) Hyper-flexion

Question 43

What mechanism of injury causes a Hangman's fracture? a. ) Hyper-flexion b. ) Hyper-extension c. ) Lateral flexion d. ) Axial compression

Answer 43

b.) Hyper-extension

Question 44

What mechanism of injury causes a Jefferson Bursting fracture? a. ) Hyper-flexion b. ) Hyper-extension c. ) Lateral flexion d. ) Axial compression

Answer 44

d.) Axial compression

Question 45

What mechanism of injury causes a Teardrop fracture? a. ) Hyper-flexion b. ) Hyper-extension c. ) Lateral flexion d. ) Axial compression

Answer 45

b.) Hyper-extension

Question 46

Which type of fracture is associated with acute anterior cervical cord syndrome? a. ) Hangman's b. ) Type III Odontoid fracture c. ) Jefferson Bursting d. ) Teardrop

Answer 46

d.) Teardrop

Question 47

This is an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity? a. ) Chance b. ) Teardrop c. ) Jones d. ) Rider's Bone

Answer 47

d.) Rider's Bone

Question 48

This is a fracture through the pars interarticularis without slippage? a. ) Spondyloptosis b. ) Spondylolysis c. ) Spondylolisthesis d. ) Spondylodidymia

Answer 48

b.) Spondylolysis

Question 49

This is a slippage of the vertebral body with or without a fracture? a. ) Spondyloptosis b. ) Spondylolysis c. ) Spondylolisthesis d. ) Spondylodidymia

Answer 49

c.) Spondylolisthesis

Question 50

Which type of spondylolisthesis is a fracture through the pars? a. ) Dysplastic b. ) Traumatic c. ) Degenerative d. ) Isthmic e. ) Pathological

Answer 50

d.) Isthmic (Type II)

Question 51

Which type of spondylolisthesis is fracture through the pedicle? a. ) Dysplastic b. ) Traumatic c. ) Degenerative d. ) Isthmic e. ) Pathological

Answer 51

b.) Traumatic (Type IV)

Question 52

Which type of spondylolisthesis is caused by DJD of the facet joint? a. ) Dysplastic b. ) Traumatic c. ) Degenerative d. ) Isthmic e. ) Pathological

Answer 52

c. ) Degenerative (Type III) | - aka: Pseudospondylolisthesis

Question 53

Which type of spondylolisthesis is a congenital defect? a. ) Dysplastic b. ) Traumatic c. ) Degenerative d. ) Isthmic e. ) Pathological

Answer 53

a.) Dysplastic (Type I)

Question 54

Which type of spondylolisthesis is occurs most commonly at L5? a. ) Dysplastic b. ) Traumatic c. ) Degenerative d. ) Isthmic e. ) Pathological

Answer 54

d.) Isthmic (Type II)

Question 55

Which type of spondylolisthesis is occurs most commonly at L4? a. ) Dysplastic b. ) Traumatic c. ) Degenerative d. ) Isthmic e. ) Pathological

Answer 55

c. ) Degenerative (Type III) | - aka: Pseudospondylolisthesis

Question 56

What special diagnostic test is helpful for spondylolisthesis? a. ) MRI b. ) CT c. ) SPECT d. ) Bone scan

Answer 56

c.) SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography)

Question 57

An inverted Napoleon Hat sign is associated with what grades of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 57

Grade 3 and more

Question 58

This is total forward displacement of the L5 vertebral body beyond the sacral promontory? a. ) Spondyloptosis b. ) Spondylolysis c. ) Spondylolisthesis d. ) Spondylodidymia

Answer 58

a.) Spondyloptosis

Question 59

What type of radiographic views are helpful in analyzing stability? a. ) Oblique b. ) Lateral c. ) Flexion and extension d. ) All the above

Answer 59

c.) Flexion and extension

Question 60

What condition is associated with tibial apophysitis, most commonly seen in ages 10-16 y/o will pinpoint pain and swelling?

Answer 60

Osgood Schlatter's

Question 61

What type of brace is used to help with Osgood Schlatter's? a. ) Milwaukee brace b. ) Charleston brace c. ) Boston brace d. ) Cho-Pat brace

Answer 61

d.) Cho-Pat brace

Question 62

This the the most commonly dislocated carpal bone? a. ) Scaphoid b. ) Pisiform c. ) Lunate d. ) Trapezium

Answer 62

c.) Lunate

Question 63

What "sign" is associated with a Lunate Dislocation?

Answer 63

Pie sign

Question 64

What "sign" is associated with a Scaphoid Dislocation?

Answer 64

Terry Thomas sign | Signet Ring sign

Question 65

Chronic dislocation of this joint may present with a Bankhart and/or Hill-Sachs/Hatchet Deformity? a. ) Radio-ulnar b. ) Talofibular c. ) Tibiofibular d. ) Glenohumeral

Answer 65

d.) Glenohumeral

Question 66

This is a glenoid labral tear associated with instability? a. ) Bankhart b. ) Hill-Sachs c. ) Hatchet deformity d. ) SLAP

Answer 66

d. ) SLAP | - Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior

Question 67

Which type of Salter-Harris injury is SCFE? a. ) Type I b. ) Type II c. ) Type III d. ) Type IV e. ) Type V

Answer 67

a.) Type I

Question 68

Which of the following is associated with a Dancer's fracture? a. ) Peroneous tertius b. ) Peroneous longus c. ) Peroneous brevis d. ) Achilles tendon

Answer 68

c.) Peroneous brevis

Question 69

What is the most common location for a Teardrop fracture?

Answer 69

C2 - On Part 3 you will have an image of a Teardrop fracture at C4 on a vignette.

Question 70

How is Tibial apophysitis treated?

Answer 70

Cho-Pat brace

Question 71

What orthopedic test is indicative of a spondylolisthesis?

Answer 71

(+) Stork's test

Question 72

What type of radiographs do you take for a person with Spondylolisthesis?

Answer 72

Flexion/Extension or Traction films

Question 73

Which type of spondylolisthesis occurs most commonly at C2? a. ) Dysplastic b. ) Traumatic c. ) Degenerative d. ) Isthmic e. ) Pathological

Answer 73

b.) Traumatic (Type IV) ***Hangman's fracture = bilateral pedicle fracture