Pages: 12-15 (Heart) - 7% Flashcards
Measures the pressure of the right side of the heart. Can be made more pronounced when congestive heart failure is present by applying pressure to the liver (hepatojugular reflex)…?
a. ) Echocardiogram
b. ) Doppler
c. ) Jugular venous pulsations
d. ) EKG
c.) Jugular venous pulsations
Vibrations produced by turbulent blood flow within the heart (murmurs)…?
a. ) Arrhythmia
b. ) Thrills
c. ) Heaves
d. ) Stridor
b.) Thrills
When the ventricles contract it is called _____?
A.) Diastole
B.) Systole
B.) Systole
When the ventricles rest they are filling and this is called _____?
A.) Diastole
B.) Systole
A.) Diastole
Auscultation
Closure of the semilunar (pulmonary and aortic) valves…?
A.) S1
B.) S2
C.) S3
D.) S4
B.) S2
- pulmonary and aortic valves (semilunar valves)
Auscultation
Closure of AV (mitral and tricuspid) valves…?
A.) S1
B.) S2
C.) S3
D.) S4
A.) S1
- mitral and tricuspid valves (AV valves)
Auscultation
Is related to stiffness of the ventricular myocardium to rapid filling. Also known as “Atrial Gallop”…?
A.) S1
B.) S2
C.) S3
D.) S4
D.) S4
Auscultation
Normal in children, young adults, and athletes. AN early sign of CHF is seen in adults greater than 40 y/o. Also known as “Ventricular Gallop”…?
A.) S1
B.) S2
C.) S3
D.) S4
C.) S3
Locations for Cardiac Auscultation
Left sternal border at the 2nd intercostal space…?
A.) Aortic Valve B.) Pulmonic Valve C.) Erb's Point D.) Tricuspid Valve E.) Mitral Valve
B.) Pulmonic Valve
Locations for Cardiac Auscultation
Left sternal border at the 4th or 5th intercostal space…?
A.) Aortic Valve B.) Pulmonic Valve C.) Erb's Point D.) Tricuspid Valve E.) Mitral Valve
D.) Tricuspid Valve
Locations for Cardiac Auscultation
Left sternal border at the 3rd intercostal space…?
A.) Aortic Valve B.) Pulmonic Valve C.) Erb's Point D.) Tricuspid Valve E.) Mitral Valve
C.) Erb’s Point
Locations for Cardiac Auscultation
Right sternal border at the 2nd intercostal space…?
A.) Aortic Valve B.) Pulmonic Valve C.) Erb's Point D.) Tricuspid Valve E.) Mitral Valve
A.) Aortic Valve
- Best auscultated with the patient seated, leaning forward, and exhaling.
Locations for Cardiac Auscultation
Mid-clavicular line at the 5th intercostal space…?
A.) Aortic Valve B.) Pulmonic Valve C.) Erb's Point D.) Tricuspid Valve E.) Mitral Valve
E.) Mitral Valve
- Best auscultated in the left lateral decubitus position.
Valve is insufficient and blood seeps or squirts back into the chamber. This murmur has a high pitch and is best heard with the diaphragm of the stethoscope…?
A.) Stenosis
B.) Regurgitation
B.) Regurgitation
Valve has trouble opening and blood swirls through a narrow opening. This murmur has a low pitch and is best heard with the bell of the stethoscope…?
A.) Stenosis
B.) Regurgitation
A.) Stenosis
What is the mnemonic for heart murmurs, which occur in diastole…?
ARMS and PRTS
AORTIC
Regurgitation
MITRAL
Stenosis
PULMONIC
Regurgitation
TRICUSPID
Stenosis
Congenital Heart Defects
Extraposition/overriding of the aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, interventricular septal defect, and pulmonic stenosis. Creates a loud ejection murmur during systole and severe cyanosis…?
A.) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
B.) Tetralogy of Fallot
C.) Coarctation of the Aorta
D.) Subclavian Steal Syndrome
B.) Tetralogy of Fallot
Congenital Heart Defects
Constriction of the descending aorta (usually distal to the left subclavian). Causes a higher blood pressure in the upper extremity by 20mmHG (diagnostic) when compared to the lower extremity…?
A.) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
B.) Tetralogy of Fallot
C.) Coarctation of the Aorta
D.) Subclavian Steal Syndrome
C.) Coarctation of the Aorta
Congenital Heart Defects
Failure of shunt to close between the aorta and left pulmonary artery. Creates a continuous/machinery like murmur that can be heard in both phases of the heart cycle…?
A.) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
B.) Tetralogy of Fallot
C.) Coarctation of the Aorta
D.) Subclavian Steal Syndrome
A.) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Congenital Heart Defects
Proximal stenosis of the subclavian artery. Seen in younger females who faint (syncope/drop attacks) while exercising…?
A.) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
B.) Tetralogy of Fallot
C.) Coarctation of the Aorta
D.) Subclavian Steal Syndrome
D.) Subclavian Steal Syndrome
A.) The most common cause of LEFT-sided heart failure is _____?
B.) The 2nd most common cause of LEFT-sided heart failure is _____?
C.) The most common cause of RIGHT-sided heart failure is _____?
D.) The most common cause of MITRAL STENOSIS is _____?
A.) Hypertension (35-55 y/o)
B.) Aortic stenosis
C.) Left-sided heart failure
D.) Rheumatic fever (ASO-Titer)
This condition is when the right side of the heart fails by itself (lung condition that causes right-sided heart failure)…?
A.) Left-sided heart failure
B.) Cor Pulmonale
C.) Right-sided heart failure
B.) Cor Pulmonale
This condition leads to edema and fluid in the extremities and is associated with jugular venous distention (SVC), liver/spleen enlargement, + hepatojular reflex, ascites (fluid in abdomen cause by portal hypertension), caput medusa/spider angioma, pitting edema and stasis dermatitis…?
A.) Left-sided heart failure
B.) Cor Pulmonale
C.) Right-sided heart failure
C.) Right-sided heart failure
- Increased heart rate, S3 gallop, and decreased blood pressure.
- Backs up to SVC and down to IVC
This condition collects fluid in the costophrenic angles and is associated with pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) causing shortness of breath (exertion dyspnea) and orthopnea…?
A.) Left-sided heart failure
B.) Cor Pulmonale
C.) Right-sided heart failure
A.) Left-sided heart failure
An interruption of the intimate allowing blood into the vessel wall with immediate “tearing” pain. Acute surgical emergency. Associated with Hypertension/Arteriosclerosis (Descending Aorta) and Marfan’s Syndrome (Ascending Aorta)…?
A.) Myocardial Infarction B.) Aneurysm C.) Marfan's Syndrome D.) Aortic Dissection E.) Angina-Pectoris
D.) Aortic Dissection
This is an inherited connective tissue disorder with ventricular weakening and enlargement. Patient present with tall, long fingers/limbs, lens subluxation, cardiovascular and lung problems…?
A.) Myocardial Infarction B.) Aneurysm C.) Marfan's Syndrome D.) Aortic Dissection E.) Angina-Pectoris
C.) Marfan’s Syndrome
This is an abnormal widening that involves all 3 layers; defect in elastic-media tissues.
A.) Myocardial Infarction B.) Aneurysm C.) Marfan's Syndrome D.) Aortic Dissection E.) Angina-Pectoris
B.) Aneurysm
Comes on with EXERTION and is relieved by vasodilators under tongue (usually nitroglycerin)…?
A.) Myocardial Infarction B.) Aneurysm C.) Marfan's Syndrome D.) Aortic Dissection E.) Angina-Pectoris
E.) Angina-Pectoris (aka: Coronary Vasospasm)
- Printzmetal angina comes on with rest (atypical)
Comes on with REST and is caused by Atherosclerosis…?
A.) Myocardial Infarction B.) Aneurysm C.) Marfan's Syndrome D.) Aortic Dissection E.) Angina-Pectoris
A.) Myocardial Infarction
- Acute heart failure
- CK-MB is elevated, increased LDH, and increased SGOT
Normal ECG
Repolarization of the papillary muscles…?
A.) P Wave
B.) QRS Complex
C.) T Wave
D.) U Wave
D.) U Wave
Normal ECG
Repolarization of the ventricles…?
A.) P Wave
B.) QRS Complex
C.) T Wave
D.) U Wave
C.) T Wave
Normal ECG
Normal atrial depolarization…?
A.) P Wave
B.) QRS Complex
C.) T Wave
D.) U Wave
A.) P Wave
Normal ECG
Depolarization of the ventricles. Repolarization of the atria hidden here…?
A.) P Wave
B.) QRS Complex
C.) T Wave
D.) U Wave
B.) QRS Complex
Abnormal ECG
Complete heart block (No ventricular contraction)…?
A.) Increased PR interval
B.) Two P waves before QRS
C.) No QRS pattern
D.) ST segment
C.) No QRS pattern
- Atrial repolarization is hidden under the QRS complex
Abnormal ECG
Weinkbochs-block of bundle of HIS (Secondary heart block)…?
A.) Increased PR interval
B.) Two P waves before QRS
C.) No QRS pattern
D.) ST segment
B.) Two P waves before QRS
Abnormal ECG
Enlarged or inverted = MI (acute heart failure)…?
A.) Increased PR interval
B.) Two P waves before QRS
C.) No QRS pattern
D.) ST segment
D.) ST segment
Abnormal ECG
Prolonged AV nodal delay (Primary heart block)…?
A.) Increased PR interval
B.) Two P waves before QRS
C.) No QRS pattern
D.) ST segment
A.) Increased PR interval
This a diagnostic tool used to evaluate heart valves…?
a. ) EKG
b. ) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
c. ) Echocardiogram
d. ) Cardiac catheterization
c. ) Echocardiogram (aka: ECG)
- also Doppler
What LABS are elevated with MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?
Increased: CK-MB, LDH, SGOT
