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NP- Phase 3a Medicine > Paeds- Derm > Flashcards

Paeds- Derm Flashcards

1
Q

what is vaccinated against at the 8 week mark?

A
  • diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB, Hep B (6- in - 1)
  • pneumococcal
  • meningitis B
  • rotavirus
  • gastroenteritis
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2
Q

what vaccines are given at 12 weeks?

A

6-in-1

rotavirus

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3
Q

what vaccines are given at 16 weeks?

A

6-in-1

pneumococcal

meningitis B

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4
Q

what vaccines are given at 1 year?

A

HiB and meningitis C

pneumococcal

MMR

Meningitis B

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5
Q

what vaccine is given each year between 2-8 years?

A

influenza

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6
Q

what vaccines are given pre-school (around 3 years and 4 months)?

A

diptheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio (4 in 1)

MMR

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7
Q

what vaccine is given to girls aged 12-13?

A

HPV- 2 dose given 6-12 months apart

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8
Q

what vaccine is given at age 14 (and which vaccine is specific to men)?

A

tetanus, diptheria, polio (3 in 1)

Men- ACWY

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9
Q

describe the epidemiology of eczema in children

A

present in 15-20% of children

presents before 6 months, clears in around 50% by 5 years and 75% by 10 years

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10
Q

how does eczema present in:
- infants

  • younger children
  • older children
A

infants- face and trunk

younger- extensor surfaces

older- typical distribution- flexor surfaces and creases of face and neck

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11
Q

how is eczema managed?

A
  • identify and avoid irritants
  • emolients- in ratio with topical steroids of 10:1
  • severe- we wraps and oral ciclosporin may be used
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12
Q

what is eczema herpeticum, and how is it managed?

A

severe primary infection of the skin seen more commonly in kids with atopic eczema

common infective organism- HSV

life threatening ! manage with Acyclovir

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13
Q

what is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

A

severe bullous form or erythema multiforme- also involving mucous membranes

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14
Q

how does Stevens-Johnson Syndrome initally present?

A

Vague upper respiratory tract symptoms 2-3 weeks after starting a drug, a rash will then present 2 days after

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15
Q

describe the clinical presentation of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A

Painful erythematous macules- evolve to form target lesions

severe mucosal ulceration (typically on 2 surfaces- e.g. conjunctiva, oral cavity, urethra, labia)

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16
Q

what drugs can cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

A
  • Sulfonamides
  • anti-epileptics
  • penicllins
  • NSAIDs
17
Q

how is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome managed clinically?

A
  • ophthalmological assessment
  • supportive therapy- protect skin
  • avoid steroids- increases infection risk

do not debride skin !!

18
Q

how does urticaria present clinically?

A

hives/ flesh coloured wheals or redness

resulting from local vasodilation and increased permeability of capillaries/ venules

itchy !

19
Q

how does urticaria result into angioedema?

A

involvement of deeper tissues produces swelling- usually around lips and eyes

20
Q

what are the 3 classes of utricaria and angioedema?

A
  • acute
  • chronic idiopathic
  • physical urticarias
21
Q

describe acute urticaria and angioedema

A
  • resolves in 6 weeks
  • triggers- infection, food allergy, drug reaction
  • viral infection- last days
  • allergen- lasts hours
22
Q

describe chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema

A

intermittent for >6 weeks, usually non-allergic in origin

23
Q

causes of physical urticarias

A

cold, delayed pressure, heat contact, solar

24
Q

how are urticaria and angioedema managed?

A

2nd generation, non-sedating antihistamines

25
Q

what is given in refractory cases of urticaria and angioedema?

A

omalizumab

26
Q

what is anaphylaxis?

A

severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity

27
Q

causes of anaphylaxis in children

A

85%- food allergy

IgE mediated reactions

insect stings, drugs, latex, exercise, inhalant allergens

28
Q

how is anaphylaxis diagnosed?

A

Airway- swelling, hoarseness, stridor

Breathing- tachypnoea, wheeze, cyanosis SpO2 <92%

Circulation- Urticaria/ angioedema

29
Q

how is anaphylaxis managed?

A

ABCDE

  • establish airway
  • high flow O2
  • IV fluid- crystalloid
  • early administration of adrenaline IM/ IV
  • chlopheniramine- antihstamine
  • hydrocortisone
  • salbutamol if wheeze

monitor pulse oximetry, ECG, BP

30
Q

What are the TORCH infections?

A 
Toxoplasmosis 
Other (syphillis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
31
Q

In HIV, what is vertical transmission?

A

term used to describe mother to child transmission

NP- Phase 3a Medicine (22 decks)

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