Paeds Flashcards
What most common cause bronch
Rsv
What most common cause croup
Parainfluenza
Epiglottitis - they are septic and drooling look periarrest. How do you approach and organism
Hands off and Hemophilus influenza B
A 1 year old child should weigh?
10kg
Croup treatment
Nebulised adrenaline 400mcg/kg
Dexamethasone - constrict blood vessels 0.15mg/kg
Acute asthma prednisone dose
35mg od for three days
Acute epiglottitis cause? Symptoms?
H. Influenza, drooling, stridor, unwell, rapid onset high temp
U descended testes age of review?
3-6 months by surgeon
Pca thrombus
Pushes on third painful palsy and dilated pupil
Intussusception after age 3?
Leukemia or lymphoma
2 day old has meningitis cause?
Group B strep
Scarlet fever
Group A hemolytic strep
Gastroenteritis children cause uk
Rota virus
Triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome
Hemolytic anemia, aki, thrombocytopenia
E coli 157 is the cause it deposits 157 toxin in kidney
Immunoglobulin associated with hsp
IgA
Post urti purpura
often group A strep
HSP
Delayed meconium of over 48 hrs
Atresia
Meconium ileus
Hirschprubgs
Gower’s sign
Ducchenne boys walking up body
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Risk factors
bilateral or unilateral?
Ix
Rx
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is gradually replacing the old term ‘congenital dislocation of the hip’ (CDH). It affects around 1-3% of newborns.
Risk factors female sex: 6 times greater risk breech presentation positive family history firstborn children oligohydramnios birth weight > 5 kg congenital calcaneovalgus foot deformity
DDH is slightly more common in the left hip. Around 20% of cases are bilateral.
Clinical examination is made using the Barlow and Ortolani tests:
Barlow test: attempts to dislocate an articulated femoral head
Ortolani test: attempts to relocate a dislocated femoral head
Ultrasound is used to confirm the diagnosis if clinically suspected
Management
most unstable hips will spontaneously stabilise by 3-6 weeks of age
Pavlik harness (flexion-abduction orthosis) in children younger than 4-5 months
older children may require surgery
Toddler’s diarrhoea features
Ix
Rx
Toddlers diarrhoea is a benign condition that causes the child no problems. It is due to the fast transit through their digestive system and often contains undigested food. It requires no treatment. It is important to plot their height and weight to ensure no serious underlying diagnosis is present such as coeliac, which would present with the child falling centiles on the growth chart. Gastroenteritis wouldn’t last for months and it is likely that others in the household would be suffering from it too. Lactose intolerance would also have abdominal pain and bloating as symptoms and the diarrhoea would be linked to eating dairy. Giardiasis is an parasitic infection and the child normally has watery stools, nausea and fever.
roseola infantum presentation, cause
Roseola infantum (also known as exanthem subitum, occasionally sixth disease) is a common disease of infancy caused by the human herpes virus 6 (HHV6). It has an incubation period of 5-15 days and typically affects children aged 6 months to 2 years.
Features
high fever: lasting a few days, followed by a
maculopapular rash
febrile convulsions occur in around 10-15%
diarrhoea and cough are also commonly seen
Other possible consequences of HHV6 infection
aseptic meningitis
hepatitis
systolic murmur with split second heart sound?
atrial septal defect
NEC features on x ray
dilated bowel loops (often asymmetrical in distribution)
bowel wall oedema
pneumatosis intestinalis (intramural gas)
portal venous gas
pneumoperitoneum resulting from perforation
air both inside and outside of the bowel wall (Rigler sign)
air outlining the falciform ligament (football sign)
pecocious puberty in males is before age:
9
scarlett fever where does the sandpaper rash start?
chest
treatment for scarlett fever
oral penicillin, it is caused by group A strep
what proportion of children with retinoblastoma survive till adulthood
90%
What age is cow’s milk protein allergy usually resolved by
5 years
