paeds

Question 1

chromosome affected in prader willi syndrome

Answer 1

loss of functional genes on chromosome 15

Question 2

prader willi presentation

Answer 2

at birth - floppy, weak suck/absent
child - insatiable hunger leading to obesity

learning difficulties, hypogonadism, short stature

mx = weight management, GH improves muscle development

Question 3

top 5 causes of under 5 mortality

Answer 3

preterm birth complications
sepsis
pneumonia
intrapartum complication - birth asphyxia from obstructed labour
congenital abnormalities
diarrhoea

Question 4

what is the risk of HIV transmission if both mum and infant are on ARTS therapy (antiretroviral therapy)

Answer 4

6 months breastfeeding = 2%

12 months breastfeeding = 4%

Question 5

HIV investigations for kids

Answer 5

<18months = virological PCR for HIV DNA or RNA
–> (serological tesst unreliable due to maternal antibodies)

> 18months = serological rapid antibody test

Question 6

prophylactic co-trimoxazole

Answer 6

protect against pneumocystis jivrovecii pneumonia + toxoplasmosis

(HIV)

Question 7

malaria investigation + treatment

Answer 7

blood film for microscopy

tx = artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for 3 days

severe = IM/IV artesunate

Question 8

differences in kids anatomy

Answer 8

high anterior larynx/floppy epiglottis
more flexible ribs
HbF at birth