Paediatrics in primary care Flashcards
what is the neonatal period
up to 4 weeks
common neonatal conditions seen in primary care
jaundice vomiting failure to thrive sepsis 'trivia'
what are some causes of jaundice in neonates
UTIs Hypothyroidism Galactosaemia Breast milk jaundice Biliary atresia
what are some common causes of vomiting in neonates
Reflux Cows milk protein allergy Pyloric stenosis Sepsis Duodenal atresia
what is the most common cause of neonates failing to thrive
feeding issues
What is a clear sign of sepsis
Neonate with a temperature above 30 degrees
what are common presentations of paediatric resp problems
‘cold’
Infant not feeding
Cough
Wheeze (could be caused by virus or asthma)
common causes of the presentation of resp problems
bronchiolitis (causes whey babies) Croup (stridor) Viral URTI Asthma Acute tonsillitis
what virus causes bronchiolitis
RSV
if adults get it they get a cold, if kids get it it goes into their chest
what causes croup and how is it recognised
inspiratory noise - stridor
mixture of viruses - influenza, RSV, others
what are some rare paediatric resp conditions
Cystic fibrosis Acute epiglottis (less common due to Hib vaccine) Foreign body Pneumonia Cardiac causes Malignancy
what resp rates show unwell, and critically ill adults
adult with RR >20 = unwell
adult with RR >24 = critically ill
what is the normal RR for babies <1
30-40
Normal RR for children 1-2
25-35
normal RR for children 2-5
25-30
normal RR for children 5-12
20-25
normal RR for children >12
15-20
how do GI problems present in paediatrics
Abdominal pain Vomiting Diarrhoea Nausea Constipation Low school attendance
how can coeliac disease present in children
weight loss abdominal pain diarrhoea failure to thrive malnourished
Common MSK conditions causing painful joints in children
Inflammatory arthritis Perthes disease (avascular necrosis of the head of the femur) Slipped femoral epiphyses Osgood Slatters Growing pains Bone tumours
causes of limp in paeds
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Perthes
Trauma
common skin problems which present to GP in paeds
Impetigo 'Slap cheek' Molluscum contagiousum Scarlet fever Hand foot and mouth
some red flags for kids
1) unresponsive to social queues/difficult to rouse
2) health professional worried
3) weak, high pitched or continuous cry
4) grunting respiration, apnoea episodes
5) severe tachypnoea
6) severe tachy/bradycardia
7) no wet nappies/ not passed urine in last 18 hours
8) non-blanching rash or mottles/ashen/cyanotic
9) temperature <36
10) if under 3 months temp >38
