Paediatrics in primary care

Question 1

what is the neonatal period

Answer 1

up to 4 weeks

Question 2

common neonatal conditions seen in primary care

Answer 2

jaundice 
vomiting 
failure to thrive 
sepsis 
'trivia'

Question 3

what are some causes of jaundice in neonates

Answer 3

UTIs 
Hypothyroidism 
Galactosaemia 
Breast milk jaundice 
Biliary atresia

Question 4

what are some common causes of vomiting in neonates

Answer 4

Reflux 
Cows milk protein allergy 
Pyloric stenosis 
Sepsis 
Duodenal atresia

Question 5

what is the most common cause of neonates failing to thrive

Answer 5

feeding issues

Question 6

What is a clear sign of sepsis

Answer 6

Neonate with a temperature above 30 degrees

Question 7

what are common presentations of paediatric resp problems

Answer 7

‘cold’
Infant not feeding
Cough
Wheeze (could be caused by virus or asthma)

Question 8

common causes of the presentation of resp problems

Answer 8

bronchiolitis (causes whey babies)
Croup (stridor)
Viral URTI 
Asthma 
Acute tonsillitis

Question 9

what virus causes bronchiolitis

Answer 9

RSV

if adults get it they get a cold, if kids get it it goes into their chest

Question 10

what causes croup and how is it recognised

Answer 10

inspiratory noise - stridor

mixture of viruses - influenza, RSV, others

Question 11

what are some rare paediatric resp conditions

Answer 11

Cystic fibrosis 
Acute epiglottis (less common due to Hib vaccine) 
Foreign body 
Pneumonia 
Cardiac causes 
Malignancy

Question 12

what resp rates show unwell, and critically ill adults

Answer 12

adult with RR >20 = unwell

adult with RR >24 = critically ill

Question 13

what is the normal RR for babies <1

Answer 13

30-40

Question 14

Normal RR for children 1-2

Answer 14

25-35

Question 15

normal RR for children 2-5

Answer 15

25-30

Question 16

normal RR for children 5-12

Answer 16

20-25

Question 17

normal RR for children >12

Answer 17

15-20

Question 18

how do GI problems present in paediatrics

Answer 18

Abdominal pain 
Vomiting 
Diarrhoea 
Nausea
Constipation 
Low school attendance

Question 19

how can coeliac disease present in children

Answer 19

weight loss 
abdominal pain 
diarrhoea 
failure to thrive 
malnourished

Question 20

Common MSK conditions causing painful joints in children

Answer 20

Inflammatory arthritis 
Perthes disease (avascular necrosis of the head of the femur) 
Slipped femoral epiphyses 
Osgood Slatters 
Growing pains 
Bone tumours

Question 21

causes of limp in paeds

Answer 21

Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Perthes
Trauma

Question 22

common skin problems which present to GP in paeds

Answer 22

Impetigo 
'Slap cheek' 
Molluscum contagiousum 
Scarlet fever 
Hand foot and mouth

Question 23

some red flags for kids

Answer 23

1) unresponsive to social queues/difficult to rouse
2) health professional worried
3) weak, high pitched or continuous cry
4) grunting respiration, apnoea episodes
5) severe tachypnoea
6) severe tachy/bradycardia
7) no wet nappies/ not passed urine in last 18 hours
8) non-blanching rash or mottles/ashen/cyanotic
9) temperature <36
10) if under 3 months temp >38