Normal Development Flashcards
3 key factors influencing normal development
genetic
nutrition
environment
what factor determines the extent to which genetic potential is realised
environment
what are developmental milestones
key stages when new skills are developed
what is the median age for milestones
the age at which 50% of children will have acquired the skill
what is the limit age for milestones
the age at which the skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children
what is the median age for walking
12 months
what is the limit age for walking
18 months
when can most children crawl
10 months
what are alternatives to crawling that 7% of children do
bum shuffle, roll, torpedo shuffling ect.
Often means it takes them a bit longer to walk
what needs to be mature in order for development to progress
nervous system
the sequence at which one skill develops after another is the same in all children, but what is different
the rate at which they achieve them
where does motor development proceed first
starts in the head, then down to the trunk, then to the arms and legs (head- tail and also centrally)
this is called cephalocaudal direction
what causes generalised mass activity to progress to specific controlled movements
the movements which are effective are repeated, strengthening the synapses
movements which are less effective aren’t repeated and their synapses die off
what are the 4 main areas of development
Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play
what are the ‘primitive reflexes’ for and give some examples
reflexes that go back to when we were primates, some are lost in development for example:
moro reflex- reaching arms out and grasping with hear back
ATNR
sucking and rooting - sucking on mothers nipple for milk
Palmar and plantar grasp
stepping and placing
what is ATNR (asymmetric tonic neck reflex)
there to protect babies from rolling off of surfaces before they can move
every time head goes to the side arm goes out
lost when you move to conscious movement - lost around 3-4 months
what are parachute reflexes
protect the baby from falling
there through life and still have them
eg. putting hands out when starting to fall
what are some fine motor and vision mile stones
hand regard in midline - 3 months grasps toy- 6 months pincer grip - 12 months tower of 3-4 bricks - 18 months tower of 6-7/scribble - 36 months draws simple man - 48 months
what are some hearing and language milestones
vocalises - 3 months
babbles -6 months
imitates sounds- 9 months
knows name - 12 months
2 body parts/5-20 words - 18 months
simple instructions/50+ words - 24 months
complex instructions/asks questions- 36 months
can tell stories of experiences - 48 months
social behaviour and play milestones
social smile - 6 weeks
pleasure on friendly handling - 3 months
plays with feet/friendly with strangers - 6 months
plays peek a boo/stranger awareness - 9 months
drinks from cup/waves bye - 12 months
feeds with spoon - 18 months
symbolic play/puts on some clothes - 2 years
present interactive play/toilet trained - 3 years
understands turn taking/dresses fully - 4 years
why is social smile so important
8 weeks is the limit age and could be an early sign of autism/visual impairment
