Paediatrics Flashcards
What is croup?
Croup is a common respiratory condition in children characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness.
What are the common causes of croup?
Croup is commonly caused by viral infections, particularly parainfluenza virus.
What is the typical age range for children affected by croup?
Croup typically affects children aged 6 months to 3 years.
What are the main symptoms of croup?
The main symptoms of croup include a barking cough, stridor, hoarseness, and respiratory distress.
How is croup diagnosed?
Croup is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and history; imaging is usually not required.
What is the management for mild croup?
Mild croup can be managed at home with humidified air and reassurance.
What is the treatment for moderate to severe croup?
Moderate to severe croup may require corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine.
What is bronchiolitis?
Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, primarily affecting infants.
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
The most common cause of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
What age group is most commonly affected by bronchiolitis?
Bronchiolitis primarily affects infants under 2 years of age.
What are the typical symptoms of bronchiolitis?
Symptoms of bronchiolitis include cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and fever.
How is bronchiolitis diagnosed?
Bronchiolitis is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms and physical examination.
What is the primary management strategy for bronchiolitis?
Management of bronchiolitis is mainly supportive, focusing on hydration and oxygenation.
What is bronchiectasis?
Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition characterized by abnormal and permanent dilation of the bronchi.
What are common causes of bronchiectasis?
Common causes include chronic infections, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases.
What are the key symptoms of bronchiectasis?
Key symptoms include chronic cough, production of large amounts of sputum, and recurrent respiratory infections.
How is bronchiectasis diagnosed?
Bronchiectasis is diagnosed using a CT scan of the chest showing bronchial dilation.
What is the cornerstone of bronchiectasis management?
The cornerstone of bronchiectasis management is airway clearance techniques and treating infections.
True or False: Croup is primarily a bacterial infection.
False: Croup is primarily caused by viral infections.
Fill in the blank: The primary virus responsible for bronchiolitis is __________.
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
What is one possible complication of untreated bronchiectasis?
One possible complication is respiratory failure due to chronic lung damage.
What role do corticosteroids play in the management of croup?
Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation and swelling in the airways in cases of moderate to severe croup.
What is a common long-term management strategy for bronchiectasis?
Long-term management may include regular use of antibiotics to prevent infections.
True or False: Stridor is a common symptom in bronchiolitis.
False: Stridor is more commonly associated with croup.
What is the significance of wheezing in bronchiolitis?
Wheezing indicates airway obstruction and is a key symptom in diagnosing bronchiolitis.
What is the purpose of nebulized epinephrine in croup management?
Nebulized epinephrine helps to quickly relieve airway swelling and improve breathing.
What does the term ‘airway clearance techniques’ refer to in bronchiectasis management?
Airway clearance techniques refer to methods used to help clear mucus from the lungs, such as chest physiotherapy.
What is the role of supportive care in the management of bronchiolitis?
Supportive care focuses on maintaining hydration and monitoring respiratory status.
what is mild mod and severe croup and which require admission
mild - no stridor at rest, infrequent baring cough, drinking/eating/playing well, no intercostal recession
mod - stridor at rest, frequent barking, some intercostal recession, viewing environment (admit)
severe - stridor and wheeze at rest, respiratory struggles, distress and agitation
what sign on a XRAY is bronchiectasis?
signet ring and tram lines
what infective causes causes bronchiectasis
pneumonia
tb
measles
pertussis
