Musculoskeletal Flashcards
what is achilles tendinopathy
inflammatio of the tendon
symptoms:
- posterior heel pain after use of ankle
-morning stiffness/weakness
management:
- simple analgesia
- rest
- physiotherapy for calf exercises either self-guided or with physio
what is a partial tear of achilles tendon?
partial tearing of the tendon painful and ultrasound to see
what is a complete rupture of achilles tendon?
rupture of the tendon
symptoms:
- acute sudden pain
-‘pop’ sound
- simmonds triad test
(patient lie prone, calf muscle to se any deviating muscles seen, dorsiflexion may be seen and when squeezing calves the foot that’s injured will remain still)
investigation:
- ultrasound
management:
- simple analgesia, cast and physio
- surgical repair
what are the 3 bones that make up the ankle joint?
tibia, fibula, talus
what are the lateral collateral ankle ligaments?
anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofbular ligament
what holds the talus to the tibia and fibula anteriorly?
deltoid ligament
what are the sydesmosis ligaments?
interosseous membrane, anterior tibiofibular
posterior tibiofibular
what is a low grade ankle sprain?
stretching, partial tearing or complete tear of the lateral collateral ankle ligaments usually anterior talofibular
(usually due to inversion)
what is a high grade ankle sprain?
although rare it is stretching, tearing or complete tear of the syndesmosis ligaments (usually due to eversion)
grade 1 ankle sprain?
stretching, really mild tear
some bruising swelling
no pain and can weight bare
grade 2 ankle sprain?
partial tear
mod bruising and swelling
mild pain and can hobble
grade 3 ankle sprain?
complete tear
severe brusing and swelling
severe pain cannot weight bare
initial investigation for ankle sprain
X-RAY
MRI if high grade sprain
treatment for ankle sprains?
- RICE
- removable cast and crutches
- fixation surgery if diastasis (separating bones of tibia and fib)
what is iliotibial band injury?
lateral tenderness superior to lateral knee joint common in runners
activity rest and physio advised
signs of plantar fasciitis?
medial calcaneal pain
simple analgesia
high arched footwear
rest needed
ACL?
symptoms:
- swelling
- popping noise
- pain
signs:
- usually after twisting
- landing funny
- lateral caving
positive anterior draws test
investigation:
- XRAY to rule out fractures
- MRI is gold standard
managemt:
- RICE
- Simple analgesia
- Physio
- Surgical reconstruction
what is osgood-schlatters?
pain, swelling growth on anterior proximal tibia
meniscal tear?
symptoms
- swelling
-pain
- bruising
- tendernes
- ‘giving way’
- locking
positive McMurrays test
investigations;
- MRI
management:
- RICE
- Simple analgesia
- arthroscopy (repair or resection)
