Paediatrics Flashcards
What procedure is performed for intestinal malrotation?
Ladd’s procedure
What are two conditions that are associated with malrotation?
Exomphalos
Diaphragmatic hernia
Hip pain is a common symptom of Perthes disease, name 3 more.
Knee pain (referred)
Limp
Restricted hip movements
What investigations are carried out for Perthe’s disease?
X-ray
Blood tests - inflammatory markers to rule out other causes.
Technetium bone scan
MRI scan
What is the management of Perthes disease?
Bed rest
Traction
Crutches
Analgesia
Physiotherapy
Regular x-rays
Surgery = older children where it is not healing
Growth retardation, microcephaly and senorineural deafness are 3 features of congenital cytomegalovirus, name 9 more.
Pinpoint petechial skin lesions
Encephalitis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Visual impairment
Learning disability
Pneumonitis
Anaemia
Jaundice
Cerebral palsy
What is the characteristic feature of Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphyses?
Restricted internal rotation.
What is the definitive mx of slipped upper femoral epiphyses?
Internal fixation (across the growth plate)
Cannulated screw
Which investigation is the choice for SUFE?
X-ray
What is the management for SUFE?
Surgery
Which typically childhood infection can precipitate necrotising fascitis? What medication can increase this risk?
Chickenpox - secondary bacterial infection with invasive group A streptococcal soft tissue infection.
NSAIDs increase this risk
Encephalitis is a rare complication of chickenpox, name 5 more.
Pneumonitis
Disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox
Arthritis
Nephritis
Pancreatitis
What is the progression of the chickenpox rash?
Macular -> Papular -> Vesicular
What congential heart problem is assoicated with episodes of cyanosis when the child is upset or distressed? And what are these termed?
ToF
Tet Spells
What is the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia in a neonate?
Congential adrenal hyperplasia.
What is the most common presenting sx of neonatal sepsis?
Respiratory distress (grunting, subcostal recessions etc)
What age group does intussusception normally affect?
6-18 months
Viral illness is commonly associated with intussusception, name 4 other associated conditions.
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Meckel’s diverticulum
Cystic fibrosis
Intestinal polyps
What are 4 complications of intussusception if not treated?
Obstruction
Gangrenous bowel
Perforation
Death
What is the other name for Roseola infantum? What virus causes it?
Sixth disease
Herpes virus 6
What is the age group usually affected by roseola infantum?
6 months - 2 years
How does roseola infantum present?
Fever for a few days then development of a maculopapular rash.
Other than a resistant high grade fever (for 5 or more days) and a strawberry tongue, state 4 more features of Kawasaki disease.
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Red soles and palms - later desquamation
Bright red, cracked lips
Conjunctival injection
What investigation must be performed in children with Kawasaki disease to screen for complication?
Echocardiogram
Coronary artery aneurysms