Paediatrics Flashcards
What method of chest compressions is correct to use in infants?
Two-thumb circling technique
What are the most common clinical signs associated with neonatal sepsis?
Grunting and other signs of respiratory distress
At what age would the average child acquire the ability to sit without support?
6-8 months
What are the clinical signs of pyloric stenosis?
Projectile vomiting after every feed in a young baby
What investigation is diagnostic for pyloric stenosis?
Abdominal ultrasound
What is the most likely cause of ambiguous genitalia in a newborn?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Describe the clinical features of idiopathic thrmbocytopenic purpura
Petechial rash in an otherwise well child
When might a bone marrow biopsy be indicated in a child presenting with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia?
If the child is presenting with atypical signs e.g. splenomegaly, bone pain, diffuse lymphadenopathy - may suggest an underlying myoproliferative malignancy
A mother comes to surgery with her 6-year-old son. During the MMR scare she decided not to have her son immunised. However, due to a recent measles outbreak she asks if he can still receive the MMR vaccine. What is the most appropriate action?
Give MMR with repeat dose in 3 months
Describe the clinical presentation of epiglottitis
- Abrupt onset and rapid progression (within hours) of dysphagia, drooling, and distress
- Patients frequently adopt the ‘tripod’ position to maximise airway opening - patient leaning forward and extending their neck when seated
When reviewing a child with suspected bronchiolitis, what features would make you consider another diagnosis?
According to NICE, you should consider pneumonia if the child has a high fever (over 39°C) and/or persistently focal crackles
A 12-year-old female presents to her GP with bilateral knee pain, swelling and stiffness. On examination, a salmon-pink rash is noted on the legs.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Juvanile idiopathic arthritis
What are some of the risk factors for neonatal sepsis?
- GBS infection - mother with prev. baby with GBS, colonisation identified on screening, intrapartum temperature ≥38ºC, membrane rupture ≥18 hours, or current infection throughout pregnancy
- Premature (>37 weeks)
- Low birth weight (<2.5kg)
- Evidence of maternal chorioamnionitis
Name 4 common causes of constipation in children
- Dehydration
- Anal fissure
- Hirschsprung’s disease
- Hypercalcaemia
What is the most appropriate management plan for a child with suspected whooping cough?
Prescribe azithromycin and report to Public Health (notifiable disease)
When can a child with rubella return to school?
5 days from onset of rash
When can a child with scarlet fever return to school?
24 hours after commencing antibiotics
When can a child with hand, foot and mouth return to school?
No exclusion required
What feature of tetralogy of falloy determines severity?
Degree of pulmonary stenosis (right ventricular outflow obstruction)
What is the peak incidence of bronchiolitis?
3-6 months of age
What is the rate of compressions to breaths in paediatric life support?
15:2
Describe the clinical features of Turner’s syndrome
- Short stature
- Shield chest, widely spaced nipples
- Webbed neck
- Bicuspid aortic valve (15%), coarctation of the aorta (5-10%)
- Primary amenorrhoea
- Lymphoedema in neonates (especially feet)
- Gonadotrophin levels will be elevated
Name the cardiac murmur associated with Turner’s syndrome
Ejection systolic due to bicuspod aortic valve
What is the investigation of choice to look for renal scarring in a child with vesicoureteric reflux?
Radionuclide scan using dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)