Paediatrics Flashcards
How is a diagnosis of bronchiolitis confirmed?
Nasopharyngeal aspiration
What requires admission in bronchiolitis?
Rib recession
Apnoea
>50 RR
Dehydration
Poor feeding
Patient or parental exhausation
What shows on an X-ray in bronchiolitis?
Hyperinflation of lungs
Flattening of the diaphragm
Increased hilarity bronchiole markings
What are the symptoms of croup?
Barking cough
Hoarseness
Stridor
What is given in severe croup?
Nebulised adrenaline
What are signs of severe croup?
Respiratory distress
Restlessness
Cyanosis
Rising pulse
Rising RR
Lethargy
Where do you feel for mass in pyloric stenosis?
Lateral border of the rectus in the RUQ
What are the four parts of the stomach?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
What is the age range for SUFE?
10-17
What is the cartilage that makes up the epiphysis?
Hyaline cartilage
What is found on examination in SUFE?
Limp on walking
External rotation of limb
Hip motion is limited (flexion abduction and medial rotation)
What are causes of jaundice within the first 24 hours?
Rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO incompatability
Herpes
G6PD deficiency
Hereditary spherocytosis
Haematomas
Toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
Rubella
CMV
Hepatitis
What investigations can be performed on a baby presenting with jaundice in first 24 hours of life?
FBC
Blood groups
Direct Coombs’ test
Blood film
TORCH screen
Urine dipstick/microscopy
What condition would you suspect with prolonged jaundice, pale stools and a raised conjugated bilirubin level?
Biliary atresia
What are two methods of treating neonatal jaundice?
Phototherapy
Exchange transfusion
What are signs of cyanotic congenital heart disease?
Poor feeding
Dyspnoea
Tachycardia
Weak pulse
Cold peripheries
Hepatomegaly
Engorged neck veins
Sweating
Gallop rhythm (third heart sound)
What are risk factors for infant respiratory distress syndrome?
Prematurity
C section
Second twins
Males
Hypothermia
FH
Perinatal asphyxia
What cells in the lungs produce surfactant?
Type II pneumocytes
How does infant respiratory distress syndrome present on a CXR?
Diffuse granular shadowing/ground glass shadowing
When are febrile convulsions classed as complex febrile convulsions?
Focal signs
>15 minutes
Recurrence within 24 hours
Incomplete recovery within 1 hour
What is cerebral palsy?
A chronic disorder of movement and posture due to non progressive brain abnormalities occurring before the brain is fully developed
What are the subtypes of cerebral palsy based on movement disorder?
Spastic
Athetoid
Ataxic
Mixed
Aside from motor complications, what are other signs of cerebral palsy?
Delayed milestones
Failure to thrive
Epilepsy
Urinary incontinence
Constipation
Drooling
Sleep disturbance
Contractures
What medications can be used for muscle spasm in CP?
Baclofen
Diazepam
Dantolene