ENT

Question 1

What blood tests can be checked in epistaxis bleed?

Answer 1

INR
LFTs (clotting factor synthesis)
Group and save

Question 2

How do you stop epistaxis bleeding?

Answer 2

Cauterisation
Packing
Balloon/foley catheter
Ligation/embolisation of sphenopalantine artery

Question 3

What is the lymph node commonly found to be enlarged in tonsillitis?

Answer 3

Jugulodigastric lymph node

Question 4

What is the significance of swallowing fluid being normal but swallowing solids being difficult?

Answer 4

Points towards a stricture (benign or malignant)
Trouble swallowing fluids suggests a motility disorder more likely

Question 5

What are risk factors for oesophageal carcinoma?

Answer 5

Barrett’s
Smoking
Alcohol
Obesity
Achalasia
Coeliac disease
Increase age
Male
FH

Question 6

What staging system is used for oesophageal cancer?

Answer 6

TNM

Question 7

Which cranial nerve is recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch of?

Answer 7

Vagus

Question 8

Which side is recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy commoner on?

Answer 8

Left as it is longer so more susceptible to damage

Question 9

Which is the only laryngeal muscle not supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 9

Cricothyroid, supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 10

What are two other symptoms of vocal cord palsy other than hoarseness?

Answer 10

Vocal fatigue
Reduced volume of voice
SOB
Cough

Question 11

What are causes of unilateral facial weakness?

Answer 11

Stroke
Tumours
Acoustic neuroma
MS
Ramsay Hunt
Parotid tumours
Trauma
GBS
Bell’s plasy

Question 12

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 12

Zygomatic
Buccal
Temporal
Cervical
Marginal mandibular

Question 13

What is the treatment for Ramsay Hunt?

Answer 13

Oral prednisolone
Oral aciclovir