MSK Flashcards
What are risk factors for developing septic arthritis?
Intra-articular injections
RA
DM
Immunosuppression
Penetrating injury
Infections elsewhere e.g. gonococcal
What is the most common organism in septic arthritis?
Staph aureus
What organism should be considered if septic arthritis in a prosthetic valve?
Staph epidermis
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Where does the supraspinatus attach to the humerus?
Greater tubercle
What muscle takes over abduction of the arm after supraspinatus initiates movement (first 10-15 degrees)?
Deltoid
What two muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve?
Teres minor
Deltoid
What two methods are used to image the supraspinatus and assess for tears?
MRI and US
What airway manoeuvre is used if C spine is unstable?
Jaw thrust.
Head tilt chin lift cannot be performed
When can a nasopharyngeal airway not be used?
Possibility of basal skull fracture
Which images are requested in a trauma series?
AP CXR
AP pelvic X-ray
Lateral cervical X-ray
What test is performed to test the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Lachman’s/Anterior draw test
How do you test the collateral ligaments of the knee?
Flexion of knee to 20 degrees to loosen the ligaments
One hand on the ankle and the other stabilises the femur
The knee joint is then stressed in abduction to test the medial collateral ligament
If the knee ‘opens up’, it signifies that the ligament has completely torn
Which structures make up the ‘unhappy triad’?
Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Meniscal tear (tightly adheres to medial collateral ligament)
What test is positive in a meniscal tear?
McMurray’s
What imaging is used to assess damage to the medial meniscus?
MRI
Where can an autograft be taken from to reconstruct the ACL?
Patella tendon
Hamstring tendon
Quadriceps tendon.
What system is used to classify intracapsular femoral neck fractures?
Garden
Name two arterial supplies to the head of the femur.
Intramedullary vessels
Cervical vessels in the joint capsule retinaculum
Artery of the ligament teres
What procedure if performed if there is an undisplayed intracapsular fracture?
Internal fixation with nails/screws
Which bone is fractured in Colles’?
Distal radius (distal metaphysis part) with dorsal displacement and angulation.
A Smith’s fracture is volar displacement and angulation
What deformity is seen in a Colles’ fracture?
“Dinner fork” deformity
What pain block is used in Colles’?
Bier’s block
Local anaesthetic is injected intravenously
What is an operative procedure for a fracture?
Open reduction and internal/external fixation.
