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Exam Questions > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What cardiac condition is mostly associated with turners syndrome and what is one of the most likely findings pm examination?

A

Coarctation of the aorta - radio-femoral delay

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2
Q

What does fizzy drinks include which can cause an increase of symptoms in a patient with phenylketonuria?

A

Aspartame is a rich source of phenylalanine

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3
Q

What sign would be most apparent on on examination of a child to indicate congestive cardiac failure?

A

Hepatomegaly

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4
Q

How many rescue breaths are given in paediatric BLS?

A

5

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5
Q

Where do rhabdomyosarcoma’s usually present?

A

Head and neck

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6
Q

How does ewig’s sarcoma present on x-ray, MRI and histology?

A

Lamellated (onion skinning) periosteal reaction
MRI - fat necrosis
Histology - small blue round cells with clear cytoplasm on haematoxyllin and eosin staining

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7
Q

What is a rose pink macular rash with surrounding pale halos associated with and resenting with febrile seizures?

A

Roseola caused by HSV 6

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8
Q

What are the investigations for asthma in children?

A

Spirometry followed by fractional exhaled nitric oxide

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9
Q

What is kallaman syndrome?

A

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism,
due to undetectable LH and FSH
Lack of sense of smell
Failure of GnRH producing neurones to migrate to the hypothalamus

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10
Q

What is the most common heart defect with downs syndrome?

A

Ventricular septal defect

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11
Q

What is piere robin sequence?

A

Retracted tongue, cleft palate and small lower jaw

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12
Q

What gene causes tuberous sclerosis and how does it present?

A

TSC1 ch9 or TSC2 ch16 Gene - Hamartomas develop and cause problems within the location the present in - can cause epilepsy etc - treatment based on symptoms

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13
Q

What is the most common heart block in children?

A

Third degree

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14
Q

What is double bubble sign on abdominal X-ray a sign of?

A

Duodenal atresia

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15
Q

What organism is the most common to cause late onset neonatal sepsis?

A

Staph aureus

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16
Q

What type of hyperbilirubinaemia would be caused by breast milk jaundiced?

A

Uncongugated

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17
Q

What is slapped cheek syndrome caused by?

A

Parvovirus B19

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18
Q

What is the most common complication associated with measles?

A

Acute otitis media

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19
Q

What heart defect is most commonly seen in turners syndrome?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

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20
Q

What is different in the clinical scenario between slapped cheek syndrome and roseola infantum?

A

Slapped cheek syndrome has a mild fever
Roseola infantum has a more severe fever

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21
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing bronchiolitis in children?

A

RSV

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22
Q

How is the rash described in slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Pink Lacey

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23
Q

What antibody is tested for in coeliac disease?

A

IgA tTG

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24
Q

What is the first line antidepressant for children?

A

Fluoxetine

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25
Q

What medication is given for immunocompromised children at risk of RSV?

A

Palivizumab - give prophylactically during the winter months

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

What are the core 3 signs of ALL?

A

Neutropenia - recurrent infections
Anaemia - pallor and fatigue
Thrombocytopenia - purpurin rash

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28
Q

What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease?

A

IV aspirin and immunoglobulin

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29
Q

What is the name of the rash when a child is given amoxicillin for infective mononucleosis?

A

Morbilkiform Eruption

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30
Q

What is a scissor gait indicative of?

A

Cerebral palsy

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31
Q

What are central temporal spikes associated with on EEG?

A

Benign epilepsy

32
Q

What cardiac defect is seen when a mother could be taking lithium for bipolar?

A

Ebsteins anomaly - large right atrium, small right ventricle and tricuspid incompetence

33
Q

What chromosome has the CFTR mutation?

A

Chromosome 7

34
Q

What is the karyotype associated with Turner’s syndrome?

A

XO

35
Q

What congenital cardiac problem presents as a pan-systolic murmur?

A

VSD

36
Q

When is slapped cheek syndrome no longer infectious?

A

Once the rash appears

37
Q

What test is used to analyse leg length discrepancy in developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

Galeazzi Test

38
Q

Which pulse should be felt in an unresponsive infant or child over 1 year?

A

Infant - brachial
Child over 1 - carotid

39
Q

What medication is contraindicated while a baby is awaiting surgery for transposition of the great arteries with a prostaglandin E infusion?

A

Ibuprofen - contraindicated in patients with duct dependent lesions

40
Q

What investigation would confirm a diagnosis of hirchprungs disease?

A

Rectal suction enema

41
Q

What is the position and rate for paediatric chest compressions?

A

100 BPM and lower half of the sternum

42
Q

What would be the treatment for JIA if there are only 1-2 joints affected?

A

Steroid injection into the joint

43
Q

What is the cause of an indirect inguinal hernia in children - males?

A

Patent processus vaginalis

44
Q

What is an irreversible cause of global developmental delay?

A

Foetal alcohol syndrome

45
Q

What medication is given while a newborn Is awaiting surgery for transposition of the great arteries?

A

Aloprostadil prostaglandin E1

46
Q

In arenal hyperplasia what electrolyte abnormalities would you expect to see?

A

Hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia

47
Q

What does pneumonitis intestalis indicate a diagnosis of?

A

Necrotising enterocolitis

48
Q

What is croup caused by?

A

Parainfluenza virus

49
Q

What medication is given as a preventative for meningococcal infection?

A

Ciprofloxacin

50
Q

What would parvovirus cause in a foetus?

A

Hydrops fetalis

51
Q

What age is classified as precocious puberty in males?

A

9

52
Q

What is a complication of JIA?

A

Anterior Uveitis

53
Q

What virus causes roseola infantum?

A

Herpes 6

54
Q

In paediatric BLS how many rescue breaths do you initially give?

A

5

55
Q

What is the most sensitive investigation for whooping cough?

A

PCR

56
Q

What is target sign on x-ray indicative of?

A

Intussusception

57
Q

What is the gram negative diplococci causing meningitis in children?

A

Niesseria meningitides

58
Q

What antibiotic class is associated with provoking a longer QT time?

A

Macrolides

59
Q

What is the rate of chest compressions to rescue breaths in neonatal resuscitation?

A

3:1

60
Q

What is the electrolyte abnormality seen in pyloric stenosis with projectile vomiting?

A

Hypokalaemia

61
Q

What is Reyes syndrome?

A

Acute liver failure and non-inflammatory hepatic encephalopathy caused by giving a child under 12 aspirin

62
Q

What is the treatment for croup If needing to be hospitalised?

A

Nebulised adrenaline

63
Q

What syndrome is associated with clubbed feet, low set ears, dry loose skin and smaller lung fields and what is one of the main causes of this syndrome?

A

Potters syndrome
Bilateral renal agenesis

64
Q

What is this triad indicating a diagnosis of?

A

Swelling/oedema, proteinuria and hypoalbuminaemia

65
Q

What genetic condition is associated with meuconium ileum?

A

Cystic fibrosis

66
Q

At what age should a child develop hand preference?

A

2 years - anything before is abnormal and could indicate spastic hemiplegia or cerebral palsy

67
Q

What is a boot shaped heart a sign of on x-ray?

A

TOF

68
Q

What vaccine is contraindicated in a child who has acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?

A

MMR

69
Q

How long after starting antibiotics can a child with impetigo return to school?

A

48h

70
Q

How would a baby present with congenital hypothyroidism?

A

Hypotonia, macroglossia, umbilical hernia, reduced feeding, and constipation

71
Q
A
72
Q

What vitamins are a person with cyclic fibrosis likely to be deficient in?

A

A,D,E and K

73
Q

What cells are seen on a blood film of a person with G6PD deficiency?

A

Red cell fragments and Heinz bodies

74
Q

What is the most common extra renal complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

Hepatic cysts

75
Q

In a child with 46 XX karyotype, low sodium and high potassium, 17-A-hydroxyprohesterone raised what is the most likely enzyme deficiency?

A

21-hydroxylase - congenital adrenal hypoplasia

Exam Questions (7 decks)

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