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Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What cardiac condition is mostly associated with turners syndrome and what is one of the most likely findings pm examination?

A

Coarctation of the aorta - radio-femoral delay

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2
Q

What does fizzy drinks include which can cause an increase of symptoms in a patient with phenylketonuria?

A

Aspartame is a rich source of phenylalanine

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3
Q

What sign would be most apparent on on examination of a child to indicate congestive cardiac failure?

A

Hepatomegaly

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4
Q

How many rescue breaths are given in paediatric BLS?

A

5

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5
Q

Where do rhabdomyosarcoma’s usually present?

A

Head and neck

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6
Q

How does ewig’s sarcoma present on x-ray, MRI and histology?

A

Lamellated (onion skinning) periosteal reaction
MRI - fat necrosis
Histology - small blue round cells with clear cytoplasm on haematoxyllin and eosin staining

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7
Q

What is a rose pink macular rash with surrounding pale halos associated with and resenting with febrile seizures?

A

Roseola caused by HSV 6

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8
Q

What are the investigations for asthma in children?

A

Spirometry followed by fractional exhaled nitric oxide

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9
Q

What is kallaman syndrome?

A

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism,
due to undetectable LH and FSH
Lack of sense of smell
Failure of GnRH producing neurones to migrate to the hypothalamus

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10
Q

What is the most common heart defect with downs syndrome?

A

Ventricular septal defect

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11
Q

What is piere robin sequence?

A

Retracted tongue, cleft palate and small lower jaw

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12
Q

What gene causes tuberous sclerosis and how does it present?

A

TSC1 ch9 or TSC2 ch16 Gene - Hamartomas develop and cause problems within the location the present in - can cause epilepsy etc - treatment based on symptoms

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13
Q

What is the most common heart block in children?

A

Third degree

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14
Q

What is double bubble sign on abdominal X-ray a sign of?

A

Duodenal atresia

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15
Q

What organism is the most common to cause late onset neonatal sepsis?

A

Staph aureus

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16
Q

What type of hyperbilirubinaemia would be caused by breast milk jaundiced?

A

Uncongugated

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17
Q

What is slapped cheek syndrome caused by?

A

Parvovirus B19

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18
Q

What is the most common complication associated with measles?

A

Acute otitis media

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19
Q

What heart defect is most commonly seen in turners syndrome?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

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20
Q

What is different in the clinical scenario between slapped cheek syndrome and roseola infantum?

A

Slapped cheek syndrome has a mild fever
Roseola infantum has a more severe fever

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21
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing bronchiolitis in children?

A

RSV

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22
Q

How is the rash described in slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Pink Lacey

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23
Q

What antibody is tested for in coeliac disease?

A

IgA tTG

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24
Q

What is the first line antidepressant for children?

A

Fluoxetine

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25
What medication is given for immunocompromised children at risk of RSV?
Palivizumab - give prophylactically during the winter months
26
27
What are the core 3 signs of ALL?
Neutropenia - recurrent infections Anaemia - pallor and fatigue Thrombocytopenia - purpurin rash
28
What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease?
IV aspirin and immunoglobulin
29
What is the name of the rash when a child is given amoxicillin for infective mononucleosis?
Morbilkiform Eruption
30
What is a scissor gait indicative of?
Cerebral palsy
31
What are central temporal spikes associated with on EEG?
Benign epilepsy
32
What cardiac defect is seen when a mother could be taking lithium for bipolar?
Ebsteins anomaly - large right atrium, small right ventricle and tricuspid incompetence
33
What chromosome has the CFTR mutation?
Chromosome 7
34
What is the karyotype associated with Turner’s syndrome?
XO
35
What congenital cardiac problem presents as a pan-systolic murmur?
VSD
36
When is slapped cheek syndrome no longer infectious?
Once the rash appears
37
What test is used to analyse leg length discrepancy in developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Galeazzi Test
38
Which pulse should be felt in an unresponsive infant or child over 1 year?
Infant - brachial Child over 1 - carotid
39
What medication is contraindicated while a baby is awaiting surgery for transposition of the great arteries with a prostaglandin E infusion?
Ibuprofen - contraindicated in patients with duct dependent lesions
40
What investigation would confirm a diagnosis of hirchprungs disease?
Rectal suction enema
41
What is the position and rate for paediatric chest compressions?
100 BPM and lower half of the sternum
42
What would be the treatment for JIA if there are only 1-2 joints affected?
Steroid injection into the joint
43
What is the cause of an indirect inguinal hernia in children - males?
Patent processus vaginalis
44
What is an irreversible cause of global developmental delay?
Foetal alcohol syndrome
45
What medication is given while a newborn Is awaiting surgery for transposition of the great arteries?
Aloprostadil prostaglandin E1
46
In arenal hyperplasia what electrolyte abnormalities would you expect to see?
Hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia
47
What does pneumonitis intestalis indicate a diagnosis of?
Necrotising enterocolitis
48
What is croup caused by?
Parainfluenza virus
49
What medication is given as a preventative for meningococcal infection?
Ciprofloxacin
50
What would parvovirus cause in a foetus?
Hydrops fetalis
51
What age is classified as precocious puberty in males?
9
52
What is a complication of JIA?
Anterior Uveitis
53
What virus causes roseola infantum?
Herpes 6
54
In paediatric BLS how many rescue breaths do you initially give?
5
55
What is the most sensitive investigation for whooping cough?
PCR
56
What is target sign on x-ray indicative of?
Intussusception
57
What is the gram negative diplococci causing meningitis in children?
Niesseria meningitides
58
What antibiotic class is associated with provoking a longer QT time?
Macrolides
59
What is the rate of chest compressions to rescue breaths in neonatal resuscitation?
3:1
60
What is the electrolyte abnormality seen in pyloric stenosis with projectile vomiting?
Hypokalaemia
61
What is Reyes syndrome?
Acute liver failure and non-inflammatory hepatic encephalopathy caused by giving a child under 12 aspirin
62
What is the treatment for croup If needing to be hospitalised?
Nebulised adrenaline
63
What syndrome is associated with clubbed feet, low set ears, dry loose skin and smaller lung fields and what is one of the main causes of this syndrome?
Potters syndrome Bilateral renal agenesis
64
What is this triad indicating a diagnosis of?
Swelling/oedema, proteinuria and hypoalbuminaemia
65
What genetic condition is associated with meuconium ileum?
Cystic fibrosis
66
At what age should a child develop hand preference?
2 years - anything before is abnormal and could indicate spastic hemiplegia or cerebral palsy
67
What is a boot shaped heart a sign of on x-ray?
TOF
68
What vaccine is contraindicated in a child who has acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
MMR
69
How long after starting antibiotics can a child with impetigo return to school?
48h
70
How would a baby present with congenital hypothyroidism?
Hypotonia, macroglossia, umbilical hernia, reduced feeding, and constipation
71
72
What vitamins are a person with cyclic fibrosis likely to be deficient in?
A,D,E and K
73
What cells are seen on a blood film of a person with G6PD deficiency?
Red cell fragments and Heinz bodies
74
What is the most common extra renal complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
Hepatic cysts
75
In a child with 46 XX karyotype, low sodium and high potassium, 17-A-hydroxyprohesterone raised what is the most likely enzyme deficiency?
21-hydroxylase - congenital adrenal hypoplasia

Exam Questions (7 decks)

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