Emergency

Question 1

What is used to treat lead toxicity?

Answer 1

Chelation Therapy

Question 2

When is RBC transfusion required in blood loss?

Answer 2

Haemoglobin<70g/L or <80g/L in patients with heart failure

Question 3

What antibiotic can cause polymorphic VT and what is the ecg change also known as?

Answer 3

Clarithromycin
Toreadors de points

Question 4

What is the scoring system used to assess severity of liver cirrhosis?

Answer 4

Child-Pugh Score

Question 5

What is the scoring system used for upper GI bleeds to determine necessity of admission?

Answer 5

Glasgow -Blatchford Score

Question 6

What is the scoring system used to determine severity of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 6

Modified Glasgow Criteria

Question 7

What is the scoring system used to estimate mortality in adults with an upper gastrointestinal bleed who have undergone endoscopy?

Answer 7

Rockwell Score

Question 8

What is the scoring system used to stratify the severity of end stage liver disease?

Answer 8

MELD score - model for end stage liver disease

Question 9

What is second line Bradycardia treatment once 3mg has been met of atropine?

Answer 9

IV isoprenaline

Question 10

What is the treatment for LAST?

Answer 10

Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action of cyclizine?

Answer 11

H1 antagonist

Question 12

What does clear fluid draining from the nose after a head injury indicate?

Answer 12

A basilar skull fracture

Question 13

What medication is used to treat cluster headaches?

Answer 13

Sumatriptan

Question 14

What measure can be taken when a patient has a high intracranial pressure and has already been given IV mannitol?

Answer 14

Increasing the resp rate to hyperventilate

Question 15

What anaesthetic medication can cause a rise in potassium?

Answer 15

Suxamethonium

Question 16

What is the treatment for local anaesthetic toxicity and what would the presentation be?

Answer 16

20% lipid infusion IV
Respiratory depression and seizure

Question 17

What is the treatment for malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 17

IV Dantrolene
Skeletal muscle relaxant

Question 18

What would be the advice to give regarding COCP before an elective surgery?

Answer 18

Stop taking 4 weeks prior to surgery and use barrier contraception as an alternative

Question 19

What is suxamethonium apnea usually caused by?

Answer 19

Pseudocholinesterase deficiency

Question 20

What is the mechanism of metoclopramide?

Answer 20

Dopamine antagonist

Question 21

What is the treatment for trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 21

Carbemapezine

Question 22

What is the treatment for narrow and regular complex QRS tachycardia?

Answer 22

Adenosine

Question 23

What is the treatment in ventricular tachycardia with adverse features after 3 shocks with no response?

Answer 23

Amiodarone

Question 24

What would be an indication for initiating non-invasive ventilation in a patient with SOB and increase work of breathing who has COPD?

Answer 24

Acute respiratory acidosis with pH of 7.28

Question 25

What is the initial management of thyroid storm?

Answer 25

IV propranolol

Question 26

What is the management for AV nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT)?

Answer 26

Carotid sinus massage

Question 27

What is a side effect of epidural anaesthesia?

Answer 27

Hypotension

Question 28

What is the gene mutation seen in malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 28

Autosomal dominant in ryanodine receptor 1

Question 29

How many times would you give oral glucose for hypoglycaemia before switching to IM or IV?

Answer 29

2 times

Question 30

What interleukin promotes inflammation in infection?

Answer 30

Interleukin 6

Question 31

What are the indications for a CT head within 1 hour after head injury?

Answer 31

-GCS <13 on initial assessment -GCS <15 at 2 hours post injury -Suspected open or depressed skull fracture -Signs of basal skull fracture -Post injury seizure -Focal neurological deficit -More than one discrete episode of vomiting post injury

Question 32

What is the treatment for bilateral pneumothorax's of 1.5cm?

Answer 32

Chest drains bilaterally

Question 34

What is the first line treatment to control the BP for fluid resistant septic shock?

Answer 34

Noradrenaline infusion

Question 35

What is the treatment for unstable narrow complex tachycardia?

Answer 35

DC cardioversion

Question 36

What is the definitive treatment for acute angle glaucoma?

Answer 36

Peripheral iridotomy

Question 37

In a fluid overloaded patient taking 40mg furosemide who has an EGFR of 26 how would you change the medication?

Answer 37

Increase dose to 80mg

Question 38

What is a contraindication of use of adenosine for regular tachycardia with absent p waves and what do you use as alternative when vagal manoeuvres don’t work?

Answer 38

Asthma Verapamil

Question 39

What is the treatment for an infective exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 39

Salbutamol Nebuliser Ipatropium Bromide Oral Prednisolone Antibiotics

Question 40

What is the next step during status epilepticus after 2 doses of IV lorazepam have been given?

Answer 40

IV phyentoin infusion