Paediatrics

Question 1

4F presents generally unwell with sore throat and headache. She is 38.1 with a coarse red blanching rash on the neck and chest. Tongue is bright red. Vaccinations up to date. Diagnosis?

Answer 1

Scarlet fever

Question 2

What are the risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Answer 2

Female sex (6x)
Breech presentation
Positive family history
First-born children
Oligohydramnios
Birth weight >5kg
Congenital calcaneovalgus foot deformity

Question 3

What is the most likely age to get croup?

Answer 3

6 months - 3 years

Question 4

What is the most likely age to get bronchiolitis?

Answer 4

1-9 months

Question 5

What organism causes croup?

Answer 5

Parainfluenza virus

Question 6

What organism causes bronchioloitis?

Answer 6

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 7

What is the most appropriate management for Scarlet fever?

Answer 7

Penicillin V

Question 8

What age should a child smile by?

Answer 8

10 weeks

Question 9

What age should a child be able to sit unsupported by?

Answer 9

12 months

Question 10

What age should a child be able to walk by?

Answer 10

18 months

Question 11

What age should a child get their hand preference?

Answer 11

Before 12 months is abnormal and may indicate cerebral palsy

Question 12

At what age should a child be able to combine two words?

Answer 12

2 years

Question 13

40 year old primip has a stillbirth at 34 weeks. The baby has microcephaly, micrognathia and club feet. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 13

Edward’s syndrome (Trimosy 18)

Question 14

What is the minimum time between receiving an MMR vaccine and yellow fever or VZV?

Answer 14

4 weeks

Question 15

3M presents with hot swollen knee and painful movement at the joint. Fine macular rash. Mildly raised ESR + normochromic, normocytic anaema. Diagnosis?

Answer 15

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Question 16

3M with painless limp. One leg shorter than the other and asymmetrical hip creases. Diagnosis?

Answer 16

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Question 17

What is Small for gestational age?

Answer 17

<10th centile for gestational age

Question 18

What are the complications associated with SGA?

Answer 18

Hypoglycaemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, polycythaemia, thrombocythaemia and hypocalcaemia

Question 19

10M with month history of marble like swellings in his neck and arm pit. Diagnosis?

Answer 19

Non-Hodkin’s lymphoma

Question 20

7F with squint and sitting very close to television. Clumsy, with several light brown, flat, skin patches. Diagnosis?

Answer 20

Optic glioma
Associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1

Question 21

Initial treatment for acute epiglottitis?

Answer 21

Nebulised adrenaline

Question 22

Initial treatment for bronchiolitis?

Answer 22

Supportive management

Question 23

What is the management for absence seizures?

Answer 23

First line: ethosuxamide
Second line: Sodium valproate
Third line: Lamotrigine

Question 24

What is the presentation of DiGeorge syndrome?

Answer 24

CATCH-22
Cardiac abnormalities, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate and hypocalcaemia resulting from deletions from a section of chromosome 22

Question 25

12M with learning difficulties and seizures. Large jaw, enlarged testicles and large prominent ears?

Answer 25

Fragile X syndrome

Question 26

6M with round face, thick upper lip and full cheeks. Supravalvular aortic arch stenosis, get on well with others and is a happy child.

Answer 26

William’s syndrome

Question 27

How old when a child can copy a cross?

Answer 27

4 years old