Neurology Flashcards
What medication to add to levodopa is PD patient develops dyskinesia?
Add in a dopamine receptor antagonist (pramipexole, ropinirole or rotigotine), an MAO-B inhibitor (rasagaline) or a COMT-inhibitor (entacapone or tolcapone)
20F epileptic on sodium valproate and would like to start a family. Management?
Stop Sodium Valproate and start Lamotrigine
20F fit free for 3 years on Phenytoin would like to start a family. Management?
Stop antiepileptic medication (fit free for >2 years) and start folic acid
What is Horner’s syndrome?
Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis and enophthalmos
What is Janz syndrome?
Infrequent generalised seizures (often on waking), daytime absences and sudden shock like involuntary jerking movements (myoclonus) usually in the morning.
8F with progressive ataxia, kyphoscoliosis and pes cavus. Tendon areflexia, upgoing plantars and cardiomyopathy?
Freidreich’s ataxia
37M with poor memory and a change in personality - more aggressive and generally irritable. Occasional difficulty in walking, slurred speech and jerky movements?
Huntington’s disease
What is the first-line treatment for partial seizures?
Lamotrigine or Carbamazepine
What is the name of the pupil sign if a patient has small irregular pupils with an absent light reflex?
Argyll Robertson pupil
What is the name of the pupil sign if a patient has a pupil which fails to constrict, the other pupil causes constriction of both pupils, then retesting the abnormal pupil means both eyes dilate?
Marcus Gunn pupil
What is the cause of mild cerebellar signs associated with herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum, with associated syringomyelia?
Arnold-Chiari malformation
What is anterograde amnesia?
Unable to recreate new memories after injury or onset of illness
What is retrograde amnesia?
Loss of memory from prior to injury or onset of an illness.
Patient with small cell lung cancer has weakness, dry mouth, anhydrosis and ptosis. Paraneoplastic cause?
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
