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PA YEAR 2 > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Initial presentation of chickenpox

A

pyrexia (fever)
headache
malaise
abdo pain

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2
Q

Chicken pox lifecycle presentation

A

1) papule
2) vesicle
3) pustule
4) crust

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3
Q

Why are NSAIDS avoided with chickenpox

A

Risk of Strep A and Staph A infections

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4
Q

Order of symptoms of measels

A

1) prodrome of fever
2)malaise
3) loss of appetite
4) conjunctivitis, cough, coryza
5) Koplik spots (blue-white spots on inside of mouth opp molars)
6) rash develops (face then trunk and extremities)

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5
Q

What is neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)

A

Assoc with preterm neonates
When baby lungs not fully developed,

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6
Q

What does it mean when baby is ‘grunting’

A

increased breathing, it is a red flag

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7
Q

what are the two most prevalent SBI (serious bacterial infection)

A

UTI and pneumonia

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8
Q

What is tuberous sclerosis?

A

Autosomal dominant genetic condition that affects multiple organ systems in the body.
Signs &symptoms:
- seizures
-irregular heart rate
-skin ash leaf spots
-angiofibromas (small red bumps around nose cheeks)

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9
Q

what antibiotics work for p.aeruginosa

A

ciprofloxacin and gentamicin

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10
Q

What is Henoch Schonlein

A

A type of vasculitis commonly triggered by URTI or gastroenteritis.

Purpuric non blanching rash on buttocks and limbs

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11
Q

What is Meckels diverticulum

A

most common congenital anomaly of GI tracts.
-abdo pain, GI bleed, bowel obstruction

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12
Q

What is Perthe’s Disease

A

Self limiting hip disorder, 4-8 year olds, antalgic gait, all movement of hips are limited.

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13
Q

‘cat eye reflex’

A

absent red reflex, sign of cataracts or retinoblastoma

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14
Q

what is Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

a genetic condition which affects the muscles, causing muscle weakness, starts in early childhood,

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15
Q

4 features which make up tetralogy of fallot

A

PROVe
P- pulmonary stenosis
R- right ventricular hypertrophy
O- overriding aorta
V- ventricular septal defect

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16
Q

Meningitis in children < 3 months tx

A

give IV amoxicillin + cefotaxime

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17
Q

Hand, foot and mouth disease caused by

A

Coxsackie virus

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18
Q

Undescended testicles are associated with an increased risk of ……..(3 answers)

A

infertility, torsion and testicular cancer

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19
Q

A child with whooping cough should be excluded from school for

A

48 hours after commencing abx

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20
Q
  • Edward’s syndrome
A

A baby is born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers

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21
Q

Acute epiglottitis is caused by

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

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22
Q

All breech babies at or after ….. weeks gestation require USS for DDH screening at 6 weeks regardless of mode of delivery

A

36

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23
Q

Marfans syndrome is a …….. genetic disorder

A

autosomal dominant

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24
Q

what are infantile spasm

A

episodes of repetitve movements that last a few seconds with symmetrical contractions of neck, trunk, extremeties

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25
Q

score system for newborn

A

APGAR

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26
Q

red flags

A

skincolour: blue
resp: grunting, rr>60, chest indrawing
circulation: skin turgor
other:
temp >38 in 0-3months
non blanching rash
bulging fontanelle
neck stiffness
focal seizures

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27
Q

projectile vomiting

A

pyloric stenosis

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28
Q

pyloric stenosis investigation

A

serum k+
ultrasound

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29
Q

pyloric stenosis tx

A

fluid replacement
pyloromyotomy

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30
Q

electrolyte inablances in pyloric stenosis

A

hypokalaemia (k+)
hypochloraemia (HCl)

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31
Q

double bubble sign on xray

A

duodenal atresia
or malrotation and volvulus

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32
Q

what is transoesophageal fistula

A

oesophagus connected with trachea

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33
Q

no gastric bubble on x-ray

A

oesphageal atresia

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34
Q

single bubblw on xray

A

gastric atresia

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35
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of one segment of bowel into another

36
Q

intussusception pc

A

red current jelly stool
palpable sausage shaped mass
abdo distention
bilous vomiting

37
Q

intussusception ultrasound scan

A

doughnut sign

38
Q

intussusception tx

A

electrolyte and fluid correction
air enema
open surgery

39
Q

meckel’s diverticulum rules

A

2 rule:
2-3yrs old
2 inches long
2 feet away from ileo-caecal valve

40
Q

meckel’s diverticulum pc

A

mostly asymptomatic
painless rectal bleeding
if obstruction: vomiting and abdo pain

41
Q

meckel’s diverticulum iv and tx

A

iv: radioisotop scan , laparotomy
tx: surgical resecction

42
Q

umbilical herinia tx

A

asymtomatic <4yrs = reassure
asymptomtic >4yrs = refer to paeds surgeon
symptomicatin heria= urgent referral to paeds surgeon

43
Q

inguinal hernia tx

A

refer all to 2ndry care
older children: refer routine
symptomatic: emergency referral

44
Q

scarlet fever caused by

A

streptococcus pyogens

45
Q

scarlet fever tx

A

penicillin for 10 days
or azithromycin for 10 days

46
Q

scarlet fever pc

A

sandpaper rash
strawberry tounge
swollen lymph nodes
sore throat

47
Q

cystic fibrosis is a

A

autosomal recessive disease

48
Q

cystic fibrosis tx

A

chest physiotherapy
bronchodilators
hypertonic saline to reduce viscosity of mucus
pancreatic enzyme replacement due to pancreatic insufficiency

49
Q

heel prick test performed at……. and screen for 3 important disease

A

5 days
3 C’s: sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, congential hypothyroidism

50
Q

NIPE done within

A

72 hours of birth and again 6-8weeks later

51
Q

congential hypothyroidism

A

high TSH
low t4

52
Q

henoch-schonlein purpura pc

A

PAAN:
P: Purpura
A: Arthralgia
A: abdominal pain
N: nephropathy

53
Q

differnece between primary and 2ndry noctunal enuresis

A

primary: child never achieved consistent nightime dryness
2ndry: child who has been dry for at least 6 months

54
Q

rapid control for bedwetting

A

desmopressin oralor sublingual

55
Q

what is meconium aspiration syndrome

A

respiratory distress shortly after birth with radiological evidence of aspiration pneumonitis

56
Q

step by step process for any infant in resp distress

A

1) take blood gas and o2 sats
2)next most approriat eaction
3) cxr
4) other iv (blood culture)

57
Q

jaundice present at birth or within 24hrs

A

pathological and needs further iv
likely haemolytic (rhesus/ABO incompatibility/G6PD) or sepsis

58
Q

jaundice starting 24hrs to 2 weeks

A

likely physiological

59
Q

jaundice beyond 2 weeks

A

urgent paeds assessment for further iv

60
Q

Billary atresia pc

A

normally 3-4 weeks in life
jaundice with pale stools and dark urine
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
(mostly conjugated bilirubin)

61
Q

tca overdose causes

A

hyperkalemia

62
Q

nephrotic syndrome investigation

A

urine analysis

63
Q

most common pc of Hodgkin’s lymhoma

A

painless, firm lympahdenopathy

64
Q

neonate with purulent discharge with swelling of eyelid OR injected conjunctiva

A

Must be referred to secondary care urgently

65
Q

in consitiutional delay growth what iv should you do

A

take an x-ray of left wrist to find bone age

66
Q

scarlet fever caused by

A

streptococcus pyogens

67
Q

impetigo caused by

A

staphylococcus aureus

68
Q

rubella caused by

A

rubella virus

69
Q

roseola caused by

A

HHV6

70
Q

chickenpox caused by

A

varicella zoster virus

71
Q

measles caused by

A

morbillivirus (paramyxovirus)

72
Q

mumps caused by

A

paramyxovirus

73
Q

erthema infectiosum

A

parvovirus B19

74
Q

Hand foot and mouth caused by

A

cosackie virus and enetrovirus

75
Q

what is vesicoureteric reflux (VUR)

A

the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the uterus and kidneys

76
Q

vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) tx

A

low dose abx prophylaxis (trimethoprim)

77
Q

von willebrand disease

A

prolonged APTT
Platelet = normal
prothrombin time= normal

78
Q

infantile spasm pc

A

symmetrical contractions of neck, trunk, and extremeties
extension
6months of age

79
Q

wolf parkinson white syndrome ECG

A

delta waves
pre-excitation pattern
prolonged QRS
shortened PR

80
Q

define simple seizure

A

<15mins, generalised tonic/clonic

81
Q

define complex seizure

A

> 15mins or focal

82
Q

define febrile status epilepticus

A

> 30 min without complete recovery

83
Q

roseola memory tool

A

3 roses:
- roseloa
- commonly under 3yrs
- fever lasts for 3 days
- rash after fever lasts 3 days
- 3+3= HHV6

84
Q

rubella rash starts

A

starts behind the ears

85
Q

what does buldging fontenelle mean?

A

raised intercrainal pressure

86
Q

scarlet fever features

A

sandpaper rash, strawberry tounge, sore throat fever, swollen

87
Q

kawasaki disease symptoms

A

high dose Aspirin, IV immunoglobulins, echocardiogram

PA YEAR 2 (8 decks)

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