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PA YEAR 2 > ED > Flashcards

ED Flashcards

1
Q

What can aspirin cause

A

Tinnitus

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2
Q

AAA Tx

A

surgery

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3
Q

small PE Tx

A

1) DOAC (apixaban) for at least 3 months

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4
Q

PE Haemodynamically unstable Tx

A

Thrombolysis

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5
Q

DVT scorecard

A

Wells Score

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6
Q

acute ischaemic stroke tx

A

thromboylsis within 4.5hrs

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7
Q

2ndry prevention for stroke

A

clopidogrel OR asprin + MR dipyridmol

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8
Q

Scoring for deciding anticoagulation

A

CHA2DSVAS

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9
Q

SVT tx

A

1) vagal manoevours
2)rapid IV bolus 6mg adenosine, x 12mg, x18mg
3)electrical cardioversion

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10
Q

tachycardia tx

A

amiodarone
lidocaine
procainamide

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11
Q

pericarditis tx

A

NSAIDS + colchicine and treat underlying cause

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12
Q

cardiac tamponade tx

A

urgent pericardiocentesis

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13
Q

croup caused by

A

parainfluenza virus

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14
Q

croup tx in ED

A

high flow oxygen
nebulised adrenaline

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15
Q

bronchiolitis tx

A

humidified o2
nasogastric feeding if child cannot take enough fluid by mouth
suction

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16
Q

epiglottitis tx

A

immediate seniors help (anaesthetics, ent)
oxygen
iv antibiotics

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17
Q

Acute exacerbation of COPD tx

A

increase bronchodilator
prednisalone 30mg 5 days
abx if sputum purulent/green

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18
Q

primary pneumothorax tx

A

<2cm and pt not sob = discharge

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19
Q

2ndry pneumothorax tx

A

pt >50yrs and >2cm = chest drain
<1cm give o2 and admit 24hrs

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20
Q

tension pneumothorax tx

A

aspiratoin 5th ICS at anterior mid-axillary line

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21
Q

phimosis and paraphimosis and tx

A

foreskin cant be pulled
foreskin cant be put back
tx: squeezing, slit, circumcision surgery

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22
Q

hyperkalemia tx

A

iv calcium gluconate

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23
Q

acute urinary retention

A

bladder US, vol >300cc
decompress bladder with catheter

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24
Q

diverticulitis

A

oral abx, liquid diet, analgesia

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25
acute appendicitis tx
appendectomy
26
acute cholecystitis features
URQ pain, radiate to shoulder fever Murphy's sign: ask pt to breath in and pain when in contact with gallbladder LFT's normal
27
acute cholecystitis tx
iv abx cholecystectomy within 1 week of diagnoses
28
acute pancreatitis features
severe epigastric pain, raidate to back vomiting periumbilical discolouration (cullen's sign)
29
acute pancreatitis causes
I: idiopathic G: gallstone E: Ethanol T: Trauma S: steroids M: mumps A: autoimmune S: scorpion sting H: hypercalcaemia/ hypertriglyceridemia E: ERCP D: Drugs
30
pancreatitis tx
fluids analgesia nutrition treat underlying cause surgery
31
when do you intubate
gcs less than 8
32
ct in 1 hour
gcs<13 on inital assessment in ED gcs < 15 at 2 hours after injury sus skull fraction 1< vomiting episode post traumatic seizure focal neurological defcit
33
ct within 8hours
>65years old bleed or clotting disorder anticoag tx dangerous mechanism of injury >30mins amnesia
34
basal skull fracture features
panda eyes csf rhinorrhea battle sign
35
how much blood loss
hr normal: 10-15% blood loss 100bpm: 15-30% 120bpm: 30-40% 140: >40%
36
opioid overdose tx
iv naloxone
37
superficial burn
red and painful but do not blister
38
partial thickness burn
range from blistering to deep dermal burn. appearance is shiny and sensation is intact capillary refill blanches
39
full thickness burn
has leathery or waxy appearnace white, brown, black no blister and sensation lost feel no pain no cap refill
40
iv fluid replacement required for adult with ..... of total body surface area burned
15%
41
iv fluid replacement required for child with ..... of total body surface area burned
10%
42
parkland formula: to calculate fluids for patient
4 x weight (kgs) x % of area burned = ml of fluids
43
what value of blood glucose is considered hypoglycaemia
3.5mmol/L
44
hypoglycaemia tx conscious and unconscious
conscious: carb snack and glucose gel unconscious: glucagon 1mg IM or glucose IV
45
types of iv gluose given for hyperglycaemia
1) glucose 10% 50ml (every 1-2mins until pt consious or max 250ml) 2) glucose 20% 75ml (over 10-15mins) 3) glucose 50% 25-50ml
46
iv for mallory weiss
endoscopy
47
acute alcohol withdrawal tx
benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide) iv thiamine
48
delirium tremens tx
benzodiazepine(lorazapam) iv thiamine
49
what is wernicke's encephalopathy
vitamin b1(thiamine) deficiency
50
triad for wernicke's encephalopathy
double vision ataxia confusion
51
anaphylaxis tx
IM adrenaline adults: 0.5ml 6-12yrs: 0.3ml <6ys: 0.15ml
52
cardio resus tx
10ml IV Adrenaline
53
bleeding peptic ucler tx
acid supression (ppi) +/- endoscopic repair
54
perforated peptic ucler investigation
erect chest x-ray: air under diaphragm
55
perforated peptic ucler tx
surgical laparoscopic repair
56
haemothorax pc
hypotension tachycardia dullness on percussion cxr: homogenous opacity on lower region of lung
57
tension pneumothorax tx
needle decompression 5th ICS mid axillary line
58
What is flail chest
multiple broken ribs due to trauma which move in during inspiration and out during expiration causing paradoxical breathing
59
aortic dissection pc
abrupt onset thoracic, abdo and/or back pain sharp, tearing, ripping pain
60
aortic dissection tx
asecending: surgery descending: medical management
61
what is toxic shock syndrome
multisystem inflammatory response to bacterial exotoxins (stahpylococci & streptococci)
62
toxic shock syndrome tx
same as sepsis along with steroids
63
generalised tonic/clonic seizure tx 3 steps
1)(MAX 2DOSES) IV access: IV Lorazepam or Diazepam No IV access: Buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam 2) IV Phenytoin or Phenobarbital 3) ICU referral
64
what is status epilepticus
single epileptic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes OR 2 seizures within 5 minutes without full recovery
65
adult resuscitation
30 chest compression 2 rescue breaths continue CPR 30:2
66
child resuscitation
open airway 5 rescue breaths 15 chest compression 2 rescue breaths 15 chest compression 15:2
67
whats defiend as a narrow QRS
<0.12s
68
drugs that cause of hyperkalemia
potassium sparing diuretics ACE inhibitors ARBS spironolactone

PA YEAR 2 (8 decks)

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