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PA YEAR 2 > ED > Flashcards

ED Flashcards

1
Q

What can aspirin cause

A

Tinnitus

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2
Q

AAA Tx

A

surgery

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3
Q

small PE Tx

A

1) DOAC (apixaban) for at least 3 months

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4
Q

PE Haemodynamically unstable Tx

A

Thrombolysis

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5
Q

DVT scorecard

A

Wells Score

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6
Q

acute ischaemic stroke tx

A

thromboylsis within 4.5hrs

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7
Q

2ndry prevention for stroke

A

clopidogrel OR asprin + MR dipyridmol

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8
Q

Scoring for deciding anticoagulation

A

CHA2DSVAS

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9
Q

SVT tx

A

1) vagal manoevours
2)rapid IV bolus 6mg adenosine, x 12mg, x18mg
3)electrical cardioversion

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10
Q

tachycardia tx

A

amiodarone
lidocaine
procainamide

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11
Q

pericarditis tx

A

NSAIDS + colchicine and treat underlying cause

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12
Q

cardiac tamponade tx

A

urgent pericardiocentesis

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13
Q

croup caused by

A

parainfluenza virus

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14
Q

croup tx in ED

A

high flow oxygen
nebulised adrenaline

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15
Q

bronchiolitis tx

A

humidified o2
nasogastric feeding if child cannot take enough fluid by mouth
suction

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16
Q

epiglottitis tx

A

immediate seniors help (anaesthetics, ent)
oxygen
iv antibiotics

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17
Q

Acute exacerbation of COPD tx

A

increase bronchodilator
prednisalone 30mg 5 days
abx if sputum purulent/green

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18
Q

primary pneumothorax tx

A

<2cm and pt not sob = discharge

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19
Q

2ndry pneumothorax tx

A

pt >50yrs and >2cm = chest drain
<1cm give o2 and admit 24hrs

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20
Q

tension pneumothorax tx

A

aspiratoin 5th ICS at anterior mid-axillary line

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21
Q

phimosis and paraphimosis and tx

A

foreskin cant be pulled
foreskin cant be put back
tx: squeezing, slit, circumcision surgery

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22
Q

hyperkalemia tx

A

iv calcium gluconate

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23
Q

acute urinary retention

A

bladder US, vol >300cc
decompress bladder with catheter

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24
Q

diverticulitis

A

oral abx, liquid diet, analgesia

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25
Q

acute appendicitis tx

A

appendectomy

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26
Q

acute cholecystitis features

A

URQ pain, radiate to shoulder
fever
Murphy’s sign: ask pt to breath in and pain when in contact with gallbladder
LFT’s normal

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27
Q

acute cholecystitis tx

A

iv abx
cholecystectomy within 1 week of diagnoses

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28
Q

acute pancreatitis features

A

severe epigastric pain, raidate to back
vomiting
periumbilical discolouration (cullen’s sign)

29
Q

acute pancreatitis causes

A

I: idiopathic
G: gallstone
E: Ethanol
T: Trauma
S: steroids
M: mumps
A: autoimmune
S: scorpion sting
H: hypercalcaemia/ hypertriglyceridemia
E: ERCP
D: Drugs

30
Q

pancreatitis tx

A

fluids
analgesia
nutrition
treat underlying cause
surgery

31
Q

when do you intubate

A

gcs less than 8

32
Q

ct in 1 hour

A

gcs<13 on inital assessment in ED
gcs < 15 at 2 hours after injury
sus skull fraction
1< vomiting episode
post traumatic seizure
focal neurological defcit

33
Q

ct within 8hours

A

> 65years old
bleed or clotting disorder
anticoag tx
dangerous mechanism of injury
30mins amnesia

34
Q

basal skull fracture features

A

panda eyes
csf rhinorrhea
battle sign

35
Q

how much blood loss

A

hr normal: 10-15% blood loss
100bpm: 15-30%
120bpm: 30-40%
140: >40%

36
Q

opioid overdose tx

A

iv naloxone

37
Q

superficial burn

A

red and painful but do not blister

38
Q

partial thickness burn

A

range from blistering to deep dermal burn.
appearance is shiny and sensation is intact
capillary refill blanches

39
Q

full thickness burn

A

has leathery or waxy appearnace
white, brown, black
no blister and sensation lost
feel no pain
no cap refill

40
Q

iv fluid replacement required for adult with ….. of total body surface area burned

41
Q

iv fluid replacement required for child with ….. of total body surface area burned

42
Q

parkland formula: to calculate fluids for patient

A

4 x weight (kgs) x % of area burned = ml of fluids

43
Q

what value of blood glucose is considered hypoglycaemia

44
Q

hypoglycaemia tx conscious and unconscious

A

conscious: carb snack and glucose gel
unconscious: glucagon 1mg IM or glucose IV

45
Q

types of iv gluose given for hyperglycaemia

A

1) glucose 10% 50ml (every 1-2mins until pt consious or max 250ml)
2) glucose 20% 75ml (over 10-15mins)
3) glucose 50% 25-50ml

46
Q

iv for mallory weiss

47
Q

acute alcohol withdrawal tx

A

benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide)
iv thiamine

48
Q

delirium tremens tx

A

benzodiazepine(lorazapam)
iv thiamine

49
Q

what is wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

vitamin b1(thiamine) deficiency

50
Q

triad for wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

double vision
ataxia
confusion

51
Q

anaphylaxis tx

A

IM adrenaline
adults: 0.5ml
6-12yrs: 0.3ml
<6ys: 0.15ml

52
Q

cardio resus tx

A

10ml IV Adrenaline

53
Q

bleeding peptic ucler tx

A

acid supression (ppi)
+/- endoscopic repair

54
Q

perforated peptic ucler investigation

A

erect chest x-ray: air under diaphragm

55
Q

perforated peptic ucler tx

A

surgical laparoscopic repair

56
Q

haemothorax pc

A

hypotension
tachycardia
dullness on percussion
cxr: homogenous opacity on lower region of lung

57
Q

tension pneumothorax tx

A

needle decompression 5th ICS mid axillary line

58
Q

What is flail chest

A

multiple broken ribs due to trauma which move in during inspiration and out during expiration causing paradoxical breathing

59
Q

aortic dissection pc

A

abrupt onset thoracic, abdo and/or back pain
sharp, tearing, ripping pain

60
Q

aortic dissection tx

A

asecending: surgery
descending: medical management

61
Q

what is toxic shock syndrome

A

multisystem inflammatory response to bacterial exotoxins (stahpylococci & streptococci)

62
Q

toxic shock syndrome tx

A

same as sepsis along with steroids

63
Q

generalised tonic/clonic seizure tx 3 steps

A

1)(MAX 2DOSES)
IV access: IV Lorazepam or Diazepam
No IV access: Buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam

2) IV Phenytoin or Phenobarbital
3) ICU referral

64
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

single epileptic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes OR 2 seizures within 5 minutes without full recovery

65
Q

adult resuscitation

A

30 chest compression
2 rescue breaths
continue CPR 30:2

66
Q

child resuscitation

A

open airway
5 rescue breaths
15 chest compression
2 rescue breaths
15 chest compression
15:2

67
Q

whats defiend as a narrow QRS

68
Q

drugs that cause of hyperkalemia

A

potassium sparing diuretics
ACE inhibitors
ARBS
spironolactone

PA YEAR 2 (8 decks)

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