Paediatric - Surgical Emergencies Flashcards
what is necrotising enterocolitis?
necrosis in the small and large bowel
pre term immature bowels
features of necrotising enterocolitis?
lethargy
bloody stools
fever
abdo distension
Tx for necrotising enterocolitis?
stop feeding
Abx
surgical removal
what happens in pyloric stenosis?
hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter
causes gastric outlet obstruction
features of pyloric stenosis?
projectile vomiting (non billous)
after feeding
RUQ olive mass
always hungry
what can an ABG in pyloric stenosis show?
metabolic acidosis
Tx for pyloric stenosis?
fluids
US
NG
ramsted’s pyloromyotomy
what happens in intussception?
prolapse of one part of the intestinal lumen into another (teloscoping)
features of intussception?
episodic crying billlous vomiting colicky pain red jelly stool sausage shaped mass
Tx for intussception?
US with air inflation and reduction
what happens in midgut malrotation?
absent attachment of the small intestine mesentery
features of midgut malrotation?
distention
vomiting
dark green billous vomiting
Ix and Tx for midgut malrotation?
upper GI contrast study + US
Ladds surgery
what is gastroschisis?
paraumbilical defect where the abdominal viscera pokes through
what is a meconium ileus?
meconium blocks the bowel
what condition is associated with meconium ileus?
CF
what can cause failure to pass meconium? what is it associated with?
duodenal atresia
down’s syndrome
what is the commonest cause of PR bleeds in kids?
meckel’s diverticulum
failure of viteline duct to regress
Ix for meckel’s diverticulum?
scintigraphy
which hernia, para or umbilical has risk of strangulation?
paraumbilical
what happens in hirschprung’s?
lack of colonic ganglia and autonomic nerve innervation
features of hirschprung’s?
constipation
explosive stool
delayed meconium
what are features of mesenteric adenitis? Tx?
abdo pain
URTI
conservative
