Neonates - Definitions, Physiology and Circulation

Question 1

what is normal birthweight?

Answer 1

3550g

Question 2

what are the appropriate centiles for gestational age?

Answer 2

10-90th

Question 3

what is APGAR?

Answer 3

scoring system for 1-5mins after birth

Question 4

what is the APGAR scoring criteria?

Answer 4

A - pink, blue limps, whole blue

P- >100, <100, absent

G - grimace + cough/sneeze/cry, only grimace, none

A - active, some tone, floppy

R - cries, slow breathing, none

Question 5

what are the scoring boundaries for APGAR?

Answer 5

> 7 normal
4-6 low
<3 low

Question 6

what are complications of premature birth?

Answer 6

retinopathy 
hypoglyc
apnoea 
osteopenia
conjunctivitis

Question 7

what are barlow and ortolani?

Answer 7

barlow - abduct

ortolani - relocate

Question 8

what could absent femoral pulses be a sign of?

Answer 8

coarctation of the aorta

Question 9

what is the rooting reflex? when does it go?

Answer 9

stroke check, turns to suckle

4 months

Question 10

what is the moro reflex? when does it go?

Answer 10

loss of support causes arms to go out

3 months

Question 11

what is the stepping reflex? when does it go?

Answer 11

stepping in air

1-2 months

Question 12

what is the grasp reflex? when does it go?

Answer 12

fingers close around object

3 months

Question 13

what is the assymetrical tonic neck reflex? when does it go?

Answer 13

fencing reflex when head tilted to side

3 months

Question 14

what is the extension reflex? when does it go?

Answer 14

extensor of feet when stroked

8-12mnths

Question 15

order of reflexes lost (recent to latest)?

Answer 15

stepping
grasp/ATNR/moro
rooting
extension

Question 16

when are postnatal checks done?

Answer 16

6-8wks

Question 17

what is normal weight loss?

Answer 17

loses 5-10% in first week

Question 18

what metabolic diseases are screened for on the guthrie card?

Answer 18

PKU
CF
hypothyroid
MCADD
sickle cell
MSUD
isovaleric acidaemia
GA1
HCU

Question 19

what type of blood does the umbilical vein carry?

Answer 19

oxygenated blood from placenta to liver/ICV

Question 20

what anastamoses allows blood from umbilical vein to go to liver?

Answer 20

ductus venosus

Question 21

what does foramen ovale allow?

Answer 21

RA to LA (reduce pressure on RHS of heart)

Question 22

what connects the pulmonary arteries to the aorta?

Answer 22

ductus arteriosus

Question 23

what type of blood does the umbilical artery carry?

Answer 23

deoxygenated from baby to placenta

Question 24

what does ductus arteriosus become?

Answer 24

ligamentum arteriosus

Question 25

what does ductus venosus become?

Answer 25

ligamentum teres

Question 26

what type of murmurs are often physiological?

Answer 26

systolic

Question 27

what do the heart sounds signal?

Answer 27

S1 - start of systole

S2 - end of systole

Question 28

difference between cyanotic and acyanotic defects?

Answer 28

cyanotic - R to L shunting

acyanotic - L to R (increased pressure on lungs)

Question 29

what is the murmur like in VSD?

Answer 29

ejection systolic

Question 30

what is neonatal mortality rate?

Answer 30

deaths in first 28 days per 1000

Question 31

what is infant mortality rate?

Answer 31

deaths from day 28 to 1yr per 1000