Neonates - Definitions, Physiology and Circulation Flashcards
what is normal birthweight?
3550g
what are the appropriate centiles for gestational age?
10-90th
what is APGAR?
scoring system for 1-5mins after birth
what is the APGAR scoring criteria?
A - pink, blue limps, whole blue
P- >100, <100, absent
G - grimace + cough/sneeze/cry, only grimace, none
A - active, some tone, floppy
R - cries, slow breathing, none
what are the scoring boundaries for APGAR?
> 7 normal
4-6 low
<3 low
what are complications of premature birth?
retinopathy hypoglyc apnoea osteopenia conjunctivitis
what are barlow and ortolani?
barlow - abduct
ortolani - relocate
what could absent femoral pulses be a sign of?
coarctation of the aorta
what is the rooting reflex? when does it go?
stroke check, turns to suckle
4 months
what is the moro reflex? when does it go?
loss of support causes arms to go out
3 months
what is the stepping reflex? when does it go?
stepping in air
1-2 months
what is the grasp reflex? when does it go?
fingers close around object
3 months
what is the assymetrical tonic neck reflex? when does it go?
fencing reflex when head tilted to side
3 months
what is the extension reflex? when does it go?
extensor of feet when stroked
8-12mnths
order of reflexes lost (recent to latest)?
stepping
grasp/ATNR/moro
rooting
extension
when are postnatal checks done?
6-8wks
what is normal weight loss?
loses 5-10% in first week
what metabolic diseases are screened for on the guthrie card?
PKU CF hypothyroid MCADD sickle cell MSUD isovaleric acidaemia GA1 HCU
what type of blood does the umbilical vein carry?
oxygenated blood from placenta to liver/ICV
what anastamoses allows blood from umbilical vein to go to liver?
ductus venosus
what does foramen ovale allow?
RA to LA (reduce pressure on RHS of heart)
what connects the pulmonary arteries to the aorta?
ductus arteriosus
what type of blood does the umbilical artery carry?
deoxygenated from baby to placenta
what does ductus arteriosus become?
ligamentum arteriosus
what does ductus venosus become?
ligamentum teres
what type of murmurs are often physiological?
systolic
what do the heart sounds signal?
S1 - start of systole
S2 - end of systole
difference between cyanotic and acyanotic defects?
cyanotic - R to L shunting
acyanotic - L to R (increased pressure on lungs)
what is the murmur like in VSD?
ejection systolic
what is neonatal mortality rate?
deaths in first 28 days per 1000
what is infant mortality rate?
deaths from day 28 to 1yr per 1000
