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AB 4th Year Paeds > Neonates - Conditions > Flashcards

Neonates - Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is a pre term birth?

A

<37wks

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2
Q

risk factors for pre term birth?

A 
multiple pregnancy 
pre term membrane rupture
DM
HT
smoking
drugs
uterine abnormalities
APH
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3
Q

what are signs of neonatal sepsis?

A 
RR >60
temp >37.7 <35.5
nasal flare
grunt
indrawing 
bulging fontanelles
redness
poor feeding
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4
Q

common causes of infection <48hrs after birth?

A

GBS
E coli (gram neg)
klebsiella (gram neg)

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5
Q

common causes of infection >48hrs after birth?

A

staph

strep

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6
Q

Ix for neonatal sepsis?

A 
FBC, CRP, BM
blood cultures
CXR
LP
stool sample
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7
Q

what are incubators bad for?

A

increasing the rate of infection

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8
Q

what causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

A

alveolar surfactant deficiency in premature babies

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9
Q

features of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

A 
tachypnoea (>60)
grunting 
intercostal recession
nasal flare
cyanoses
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10
Q

what signs on CXR are there for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

A

ground glass

small volume lungs

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11
Q

Tx for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

A

steroids <36wks
delay cord clamping
surfactant
ventilate

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12
Q

what is a complication due to ventilating neonates?

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

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13
Q

what is transient tachypnoea of the newborn?

A

slow clearing pulmonary fluid causes transient tachypnoea (clears in 2 days)

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14
Q

what is a common intracranial haemorrhage in pre term neonates?

A

intraventricular

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15
Q

features of intraventriclar haemorrhage?

A 
first day 
hypotensive
tachycardic
seizure
bulging fontanelles
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16
Q

Ix for intraventriclar haemorrhage?

A

US

17
Q

what are the boundaries for jaundice being physio/pathological?

A

> 24hrs physio

<24hrs path

18
Q

why does physiological jaundice occur?

A

fetal Hb broken down
causes
haemolysis occurs
unconjugated bilirubin rises

19
Q

what can cause pathological jaundice?

A 
hypothyroid
CF
biliary atresia
haemolytic anaemia
G6PD
20
Q

what type of bilirubin is excreted to the intestines?

A

conjugated

21
Q

Tx for jaundice?

A

phototherapy

22
Q

what is kernicterus?

A

bilirubin induced enecphalopathy

23
Q

what is meconium aspiration syndrome?

A

meconium passed in utero and aspirated

24
Q

what is seen in CXR on meconium aspiration syndrome?

A

patchy opacities

overinflated lungs

25
Q

Tx for meconium aspiration syndrome?

A

suction
ventilation
Abx

26
Q

what is cryptorchidism?

A

undescended testes

27
Q

what happens in PPHN?

A

lungs fill with oxygen and vasodilation occurs

pulmonary vascular resistance should fall (fails to)

right to L shunt between PDA/PFO (hypoxic baby)

28
Q

Ix for PPHN?

A

echo

sats

29
Q

Tx for PPHN?

A

ventilate
NO
inotropes

AB 4th Year Paeds (10 decks)

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