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Paeds (Y4) > Paediatric Surgery > Flashcards

Paediatric Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

How should undescended testes be managed?

A

If undescended at 3 months, refer to paeds surgery

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2
Q

What is the most common type of hernia in children?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

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3
Q

How are inguinal hernias managed in children?

A

Surgical repair ASAP (due to high risk of strangulation)

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4
Q

How is malrotation voluvlus treated?

A

Emergency surgery - division of Ladd’s bands

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5
Q

Colicky abdominal pain, V&D, ‘Currant jelly stools’ suggests…

A

Intusussception

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6
Q

How is intusussception managed?

A

Usually treated with pneumatic decompression

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7
Q

Non-bilious projectile vomiting suggests…`

A

Pyloric stenosis

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8
Q

What is the investigation of choice for pyloric stenosis?

A

USS

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9
Q

Which ABG abnormality is usually found in pyloric stenosis?

A

Hypochloraemic Hypokalaemic Alkalosis

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10
Q

How is pyloric stenosis treated?

A

Pyloromyotomy

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11
Q 
Bilious vomiting (within hours of birth)
‘Double bubble’ sign on x-ray suggests...
A

Duodenal atresia

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12
Q

How may Hirschsprung’s disease present in a neonate?

A

Failure to pass meconium within 48 hours
Bilious vomiting
Distended abdomen

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13
Q

How may Hirschsprung’s disease present in an older child?

A

Constipation since birth

Intermittent intestinal obstruction

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14
Q

How is a definitive diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease made?

A

Rectal biopsy

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15
Q

What are the key differences between Gastroschisis and Omphalocele?

A

Omphalocele - intestine covered by sac, not in Gastroschisis.
Omphalocele heavily associated with other abnormalities but Gastroschisis not so much.

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16
Q

Acute testicular pain with absent cremasteric reflex suggests…

A

Testicular torsion

17
Q

Give key features of torsion of the hyatid/testicular appendage.

A

Pain at superior pole of testis
‘Blue dot’ sign
Cremasteric reflex present

18
Q

How are undescended testes managed?

A

refer if not descended by 3 months

Orchidopexy by 9 months

19
Q

Urethral opening on ventral aspect of penile shaft is called…

A

Hypospadias

20
Q

How is hypospadias usually managed?

A

Usually repaired surgically around 6-12 months

21
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Unable to retract the foreskin

22
Q

Phimosis usually resolves by the age of…

A

3

23
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Foreskin is retracted and cannot be replaced over the glans

Emergency - results in gangrene & auto-amputation

24
Q

How is paraphimosis managed?

A

Emergency circumcision

25
Q

At what age are cleft lip typically repaired?

A

10 weeks

26
Q

At what age are cleft palate typically repaired?

A

10 months

27
Q

Child with neck mass anterior to SCM near mandible suggests…

A

Branchial cyst

28
Q

Child with suprahyoid neck mass suggests…

A

Dermoid cyst

29
Q

When would a cystic hygroma tend to be diagnosed?

A

Usually in newborns

Paeds (Y4) (6 decks)

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