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Paeds (Y4) > Medical Paediatrics > Flashcards

Medical Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between an allergy and an intolerance?

A

Allergy is immune-mediated reaction while intolerance is direct effect of the protein on you

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2
Q

Which kind of allergic reaction may be difficult to differentiate from a food intolerance?

A

Delayed (Type 4) hypersensitivity

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3
Q

What investigations may be carried out in suspected immediate food allergy?

A

Specific IgE
Skin prick tests
Food challenge

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4
Q

Give some treatment options for food allergy.

A

Avoid allergen
Anti-histamines
Adrenaline
Immunotherapy

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5
Q

Children tend to grow out of egg allergy by age…

A

3

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6
Q

How are immediate food allergies mediated?

A

IgE

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7
Q

How are delayed food alleries mediated?

A

Cell

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8
Q

Give common symptoms of immediate allergy.

A

Angio-oedema, urticaria

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9
Q

Give common symptoms of delayed food allergy.

A

GI symptoms, rash

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10
Q

Give an example of a delayed food allergy.

A

Cow’s Milk Protein allergy

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11
Q

What is the prevalence of Cystic Fibrosis?

A

1 in 2500 live births

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12
Q

What is the defect in CF?

A

Faulty CFTR protein

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13
Q

What are the main symptoms experienced by patients with CF?

A 
Recurrent resp infection
Pancreatic insufficiency
Liver disease
Portal hypertension
Gallstones
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14
Q

What infection control measures are needed for patients with CF?

A

Need to stay away from other with CF and be nursed in a side room when in hospital

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15
Q

What is the most common presentation of CF?

A

Newborn screening

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16
Q

How may CF present in neonates?

A

Meconium ileus

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17
Q

What is the gold-standard test for CF?

A

Sweat test

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18
Q

What are children with CF treated with?

A

Trikafta

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19
Q

Can people with CF have children?

A

Males cannot but women can

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20
Q

Most likely cause of loss of red reflex in 2 y/o…

A

Retinoblastoma

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21
Q

What is the next step in asthma treatment for children if SABA + ICS does not control symptoms?

A

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

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22
Q

What are the 3 shunts of foetal circulation?

A

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

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23
Q

What kinds of shunt do the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale create?

A

R –> L

24
Q

What kind of shunt is found in normal neonatal circulation?

A

L –> R

25
Q

What kind of shunt is found in cyanotic congenital heart conditions?

A

R –> L (bypasses lungs, hence cyanosis)

26
Q

Give examples of cyanotic congenital heart defects.

A

5T’s:

  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Transposition of the great vessels
  • Tricuspid atresia
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
27
Q

Cyanosis from birth suggests…

A

Transposition of the great vessels

28
Q

Cyanosis from a few months old suggests…

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

29
Q

Which abnormalities make up Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Pulmonic stenosis, RVH, VSD and over-riding aorta

30
Q

Acyanotic CHD may present with…

A

signs of heart failure eg. SOB, poor feeding, failure to thrive

31
Q

Give examples of acyanotic CHD.

A

ASD, VSD, PDA, coarctation of the aorta

32
Q

Petechial rash, no fever after respiratory infection suggests…

A

ITP

33
Q

Joint pain and ‘salmon pink rash’ suggests…

A

Juvenille Idiopathic Arthritis (Still’s Disease)

34
Q

Young adult with knee pain after exercise with swelling/locking suggests,,,

A

Osteochondritis dissecans

35
Q

Microcephaly, cleft lip/palate and polydactyly suggests…

A

Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)

36
Q

What is the prognosis for Patau Syndrome?

A

Life-limiting - usually before 5

37
Q

Micrognathia, Low-set ears, Rocker-bottom feet

and Overlapping of fingers suggests…

A

Edward’s Syndrome (Trisomy 18)

38
Q

What is the prognosis for Edward’s Syndrome (Trisomy 18)?

A

Usually die before or shortly after birth

39
Q

Upslanting palpebral fissures, single palmar crease

and small, low-set ears suggests…

A

Down’s Syndrome

40
Q

LD, long face, macrocephaly, large ears suggests…

A

Fragile X Syndrome

41
Q

Webbed neck, pectus excavatum, short stature, pulmonary stenosis suggests…

A

Noonan Syndrome

42
Q

Which cardiac complications are associated with Marfan Syndrome?

A

Mitral valve prolapse and aortic aneurysm/dissection

43
Q

Karyotype = 45 X suggests…

A

Turner’s Syndrome

44
Q

Short stature, premature ovarian failure (in childhood) suggests…

A

Turner’s Syndrome

45
Q

Delay/absence of puberty with anosmia suggests…

A

Kallmann syndrome

46
Q

Which condition is associated with ambiguous external genitalia in females?

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

47
Q

Which cardiac abnormality is associated with Turner’s syndrome?

A

Aortic coarctation

48
Q

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy occurs due to damage of…

A

Basal ganglia

49
Q

What is first-line in children for constipation?

A

Movicol

50
Q

Rash with satellite lesions in nappy area suggests…

A

Candidiasis

51
Q

What is the cause of HSP?

A

IgA-mediated vasculitis, usually following viral illness

52
Q

How long do molluscum typically take to recede?

A

9 months

53
Q

‘Trident hand deformity’ suggests…

A

Achondroplasia

54
Q

Is school exclusion recommended for children with head lice?

A

no

55
Q

Give differentials for unexplained bruising on a child.

A

NAI
Genuine accident
Coagulopathy eg. Von Willibrand’s, ITP, bone marrow failure
Osteogenesis imperfecta

56
Q

Which investigations would be indicated for suspected NAI?

A

Coagulation screen

Skeletal survey

57
Q

What is the prognosis for a child with febrile convulsions?

A

2/3 will never have a convulsion again, 1/3 will. Slightly increased risk of epilepsy

Paeds (Y4) (6 decks)

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