Acute Paeds

Question 1

What % of paediatric arrests are respiratory in nature?

Answer 1

85%

Question 2

Give causes of respiratory arrest in children.

Answer 2

Asthma, choking, seizures, raised ICP

Question 3

Give causes of cardiac arrest in children.

Answer 3

Shock, blood loss, sepsis, arhythmia

Question 4

Is BP a good measure of acute sickness in children?

Answer 4

No - need to lose around 25% of circulating volume before BP affected

Question 5

What is the Paediatric BLS algorithm?

Answer 5

5 rescue breaths then alternating 15:2 compressions: rescue breaths

Question 6

What is the ideal airway position in children?

Answer 6

Neutral

Question 7

Give signs of sepsis in children.

Answer 7

Hypo/hyperthermic
Inappropriate tachycardia
Altered mental state
Increased cap refill/cool peripheries

Question 8

The non-blanching rash in sepsis represents…

Answer 8

Meningococcaemia

Question 9

How should a sick child be assessed?

Answer 9

3-minute toolkit - head-to-toe assessment

Question 10

How does RR vary by age?

Answer 10

Decreases as children age

Question 11

What is the target O2 sats in children?

Answer 11

> 96%

Question 12

Wet crepitations in children suggests…

Answer 12

Bronchiolitis

Question 13

Should BP be taken in all paediatric patients?

Answer 13

Only necessary in drowsy/v unwell children

Question 14

When may sluggish pupils occur in children?

Answer 14

Post-seizure

Question 15

What can you try if a child is drowsy?

Answer 15

Give paracetamol to see if it persists - if it does, this is worrying

Question 16

Which elements are important when assessing the sick child, other than ABCDE?

Answer 16

ENT, Temp, Tummy & Glucose

Question 17

Where should temperature be taken in children?

Answer 17

Axilla

Question 18

Within the tummy assessment, what else should you look for?

Answer 18

Testes in boys and masses in the groin

Question 19

When may a glucose reading be needed in children?

Answer 19

Reduced GCS/drowsy

Question 20

What is the normal blood glucose range in children?

Answer 20

3-5 mmol/L

Question 21

What is the recommended fluid resuscitation in children?

Answer 21

20mls/kg

Question 22

What is the treatment for children with ITP and no bleeding?

Answer 22

None

Question 23

Which organism causes croup?

Answer 23

Parainfluenza virus

Question 24

Which organism causes acute epiglottitis?

Answer 24

Haemophilus influenzae B

Question 25

Cyanosis or collapse in first month of life, hypercyanotic spells. Ejection systolic murmur at left sternal edge suggests…

Answer 25

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 26

What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease in children?

Answer 26

High-dose Aspirin

Question 27

How should inguinal hernias be managed in newborn children?

Answer 27

Referred to surgeons immediately (due to risk of strangulation)