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Paediatrics > Paediatric Respiratory > Flashcards

Paediatric Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Name some of the common side effects of antibiotics in children

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Oral thrush
  • Nappy rash
  • Allergic reaction
  • Multi resistance
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2
Q

What is the average duration of a runny nose?

A

2 weeks

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3
Q

What are the features of otitis media?

A
  • Erythema
  • Bulging drum
  • Primarily viral
  • Potentially rupture of the eardrum
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4
Q

What is the average duration of earache?

A

1 week

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5
Q

How should otitis media be managed

A
  • Analgesia

- No antibiotics

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6
Q

What is the average duration of a sore throat?

A

3 days

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7
Q

What are the features of croup?

A
  • Caused by paraflu 1
  • Child is well
  • Coryza, stridor and barking cough
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8
Q

How can croup be treated?

A

Oral dexamethasone

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9
Q

What are the features of epiglottitis?

A
  • Caused by Hib
  • Child is toxic (high fever, high pulse and low blood pressure)
  • Stridor and drooling
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10
Q

How is epiglottitis treated?

A
  • Intubation

- Antibiotics

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11
Q

What is the average duration of croup?

A

3+ days

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12
Q

Which organisms commonly cause LRTIs in children?

A
  • Strep pneumoniae
  • H influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae
  • RSV
  • Parainfluenza III, Influenza A & B, adenovirus and rhinovirus
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13
Q

How should LRTIs be managed?

A
  • Oxygenation
  • Hydration
  • Nutrition
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14
Q

Name the features of bronchitis

A

-Loose rattly cough
-Post-tussive vomit
-Chest free of wheeze/creps
Haemophilus/pneumococcus
-Mostly self limiting
-Child is well
-Disturbed mucociliary clearance with secondary bacterial overgrowth

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15
Q

What are the red flags for bronchitis?

A
  • <6 months > 4 yrs
  • No relapse-remission
  • Static weight
  • Disrupts child’s life
  • Associated SOB
  • Acute admission
  • Other co-morbidities
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16
Q

What is the average duration of a cough?

A

2-3 weeks

17
Q

What are the features of bronchiolitis?

A
  • Usually RSV (also paraflu III and HMPV)
  • Nasal stuffiness, tachypnoea and poor feeding
  • Crackles +/- wheeze
  • <12 months old
  • One off
18
Q

How is bronchiolitis managed?

A
  • Observation
  • Sats
  • No medicines proven to work
19
Q

How is community acquired pneumonia managed?

A
  • Nothing if symptoms are mild
  • Oral amoxycillin is first line
  • Oral macrolide is 2nd line
  • IV if vomiting
20
Q

What are the features of pertussis (whooping cough)?

A
  • Coughing fits
  • Vomiting
  • Colour change
21
Q

What are the key features of asthma?

A
  • Wheeze
  • Variability
  • Responds to treatment
22
Q

What causes asthma?

A
  • Host response to environment

- Genes

23
Q

Name the presenting features of asthma

A
  • Wheeze
  • Cough: dry, nocturnal and exertional
  • SOB at rest
  • Parental history of asthma
  • PH: eczema, hayfever and food allergies
  • Response to treatment
24
Q

What is the differential for asthma?

A
  • Under five: congenital, CF, PCD, bronchitis and foreign body
  • Over five: dysfunctional breathing, vocal cord dysfunction, habitual cough and pertussis
25
Q

What are the goals of asthma treatment?

A
  • Minimal symptoms
  • Minimal need for reliever medication
  • No attacks
  • No limitation of physical activity
26
Q

How can asthma control be measured?

A
  • SABA use per week
  • Absence from school/nursery
  • Nocturnal symptoms per week
  • Excertional symptoms per week
27
Q

Which classes of medications can be used to treat asthma in children?

A
  • SABAs
  • ICS
  • LABAs
  • Leukotriene receptor antagonists
  • Theophyllines
  • Oral steroids
28
Q

When should a regular preventer be used?

A
  • Diagnostic test
  • B2 agonists > 2 days a week
  • Symptomatic 3 times a week or more or waking one night a week
29
Q

How can a mild exacerbation of asthma be treated?

A

SABA via spacer +/- prednisolone

30
Q

How can a moderate exacerbation of asthma be treated?

A

SABA nebuliser and prednisolone +/- Ipratropium bromide

31
Q

How can a severe exacerbation of asthma be treated?

A
  • IV salbutamol
  • IV aminophyline
  • IV magnesium
  • IV hydrocortisone
  • Intubation and ventilation

Paediatrics (17 decks)

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