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MSK - Orthopedics > Paediatric orthopedics > Flashcards

Paediatric orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

What is becker’s muscular dystrophy?

A

Similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy but much milder

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2
Q

What happens if DDH is not spotted?

A

the acetabulum becomes very shallow and a false acetabulum may form

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3
Q

When should a baby be able to walk?

A

14-17 months

one and a half

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4
Q

What is tarsal coalition?

A

Fusion between two tarsal bones resulting in painful flat feet

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5
Q

What is Talipes Equinovarus?

A

Clubfoot

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6
Q

What is obstetric brachial plexus pasly?

A

Injury to the brachial plexus during delivery

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7
Q

When should a baby be able to sit alone and crawl?

A

6-9 months

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8
Q

What is transient synovitis?

A

Self limiting inflammation of the synovium usually occuring after an upper respiratory tract infection

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9
Q

How is Talipes Equinovarus treated?

A

Ponseti technique (Splintage)

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10
Q

What does DDH stand for?

A

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

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11
Q

What happens in Sliped upper femoral epiphysis?

A

the femoral head epiphysis slips inferiorly in relation to the femoral neck.

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12
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

Congenital disorder where two halves of the posterior vertebral arch fail to fuse

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13
Q

What is a SUFE?

A

Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis

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14
Q

Why might slipped upper femoral epiphysis pain be felt in the knee?

A

Thanks to the obturator nerve which supplies both the Hip and the knee.

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15
Q

When should a baby be able to jump?

A

2yrs old

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16
Q

What is the most common skeletal dysplasia?

A

achondroplasia

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17
Q

What is Perthe’s disease?

A

Femoral head transiently loses its blood supply resulting in necrosis and abnormal growth.

Usually in young boys.

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18
Q

What are Muscular Dystrophies?

A

rare X-linked recessive hereditary disorders

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19
Q

What does Skeletal Dysplasia mean?

A

Short stature

20
Q

How do you treat SUFE?

A

Pin the femoral head

21
Q

What is syndactyly

A
22
Q

What is Fibular Hemimelia?

A

partial or complete absence of the fibular

May require ankle amputation

23
Q

How are develomental dyspasias of the hip treated?

A

Mild - manually reduced

Severe and younger than 6 months :- Pavlik harness

Older than one and a half:- osteotomy

24
Q

When should a baby be able to stand?

A

8-12 months

25
Q
A
26
Q

What is Osteochondritis Dissecans?

A

It is when fragments of hylaine cartilage and bone fragements break off the surface of a joint

27
Q

Why is an Xray not useful in looking for DDH?

A

the femoral head of the eipihysis is unossified untill around 4-6 months

28
Q

Why does DDH occour?

A

Dislocation or subluxation of the femoral head during the perinetal period resulting in abnormal development of the hip

29
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter’s disease?

A

Inflammation of the tibial tubercle

30
Q

What is Grower’s sign?

A
31
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta also known as?

A

Brittle bone disease

32
Q

What is the management plan for obsetric brachial plexus palsy/Erbs palsy?

A

Usually recover in 6 months with Physiotherapy

33
Q

What tests are preformed to all babies to check for DDH?

A

Barlow test

Ortolani test

34
Q

What happens in Erb’s palsy?

A

Injury to the upper C5 and C6 nerve roots resulting in loss of inervation to:

Suprspinatus

Infraspinatus

Biceps and brachialis muscle

35
Q

Where might pain be felt in SUFE?

A

groin

SOMETIMES ONLY IN THE KNEE

36
Q

What aspect of the surface anatomy suggests DDH?

A

Asymetrical groin creases

37
Q

Where does spondylolisthesis normally occour?

A

L4/L5 or L5/S1

38
Q

What symptoms would a patient with Osteochondritis dissecans expriance?

A

Poorly localized pain

effusions

Occasional locking

39
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

A

autosomal dominant heterogenoeus condition resuting in abnormal elastin and collagen formation

40
Q

What do people with osteogenesis imperfecta look like?

A

short stature

Multiple deformaties

Blue sclera

41
Q

What is spina bifida cystica?

A

the contents of the vertebral canal herneates through the defect

42
Q

How does knee alignment change with age?

A

Vargus at birth

Alinged at 14 months

Valgus at aged 3

Normal at aged 7

43
Q

What is spondylolisthesis?

A

Slippage of one vertebra over another

44
Q

What is Apophysitis?

A

inflammation of a growing tubercle where a tendon attatches

45
Q

What defect is present in osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

defect of maturation and organization of type 1 collagen

46
Q

What happens in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Defect in dystrophin gene involved in calcium transport

Progressive muscle weekness

Age 10 cant walk

Age 20 cardiac and respiratory failure

MSK - Orthopedics (12 decks)

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