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MSK - Orthopedics > Paediatric orthopedics > Flashcards

Paediatric orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

What is becker’s muscular dystrophy?

A

Similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy but much milder

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2
Q

What happens if DDH is not spotted?

A

the acetabulum becomes very shallow and a false acetabulum may form

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3
Q

When should a baby be able to walk?

A

14-17 months

one and a half

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4
Q

What is tarsal coalition?

A

Fusion between two tarsal bones resulting in painful flat feet

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5
Q

What is Talipes Equinovarus?

A

Clubfoot

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6
Q

What is obstetric brachial plexus pasly?

A

Injury to the brachial plexus during delivery

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7
Q

When should a baby be able to sit alone and crawl?

A

6-9 months

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8
Q

What is transient synovitis?

A

Self limiting inflammation of the synovium usually occuring after an upper respiratory tract infection

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9
Q

How is Talipes Equinovarus treated?

A

Ponseti technique (Splintage)

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10
Q

What does DDH stand for?

A

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

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11
Q

What happens in Sliped upper femoral epiphysis?

A

the femoral head epiphysis slips inferiorly in relation to the femoral neck.

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12
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

Congenital disorder where two halves of the posterior vertebral arch fail to fuse

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13
Q

What is a SUFE?

A

Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis

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14
Q

Why might slipped upper femoral epiphysis pain be felt in the knee?

A

Thanks to the obturator nerve which supplies both the Hip and the knee.

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15
Q

When should a baby be able to jump?

A

2yrs old

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16
Q

What is the most common skeletal dysplasia?

A

achondroplasia

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17
Q

What is Perthe’s disease?

A

Femoral head transiently loses its blood supply resulting in necrosis and abnormal growth.

Usually in young boys.

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18
Q

What are Muscular Dystrophies?

A

rare X-linked recessive hereditary disorders

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19
Q

What does Skeletal Dysplasia mean?

A

Short stature

20
Q

How do you treat SUFE?

A

Pin the femoral head

21
Q

What is syndactyly

22
Q

What is Fibular Hemimelia?

A

partial or complete absence of the fibular

May require ankle amputation

23
Q

How are develomental dyspasias of the hip treated?

A

Mild - manually reduced

Severe and younger than 6 months :- Pavlik harness

Older than one and a half:- osteotomy

24
Q

When should a baby be able to stand?

A

8-12 months

25
26
What is Osteochondritis Dissecans?
It is when fragments of hylaine cartilage and bone fragements break off the surface of a joint
27
Why is an Xray not useful in looking for DDH?
the femoral head of the eipihysis is unossified untill around 4-6 months
28
Why does DDH occour?
Dislocation or subluxation of the femoral head during the perinetal period resulting in abnormal development of the hip
29
What is Osgood-Schlatter's disease?
Inflammation of the tibial tubercle
30
What is Grower's sign?
31
What is osteogenesis imperfecta also known as?
Brittle bone disease
32
What is the management plan for obsetric brachial plexus palsy/Erbs palsy?
Usually recover in 6 months with Physiotherapy
33
What tests are preformed to all babies to check for DDH?
Barlow test Ortolani test
34
What happens in Erb's palsy?
Injury to the upper C5 and C6 nerve roots resulting in loss of inervation to: Suprspinatus Infraspinatus Biceps and brachialis muscle
35
Where might pain be felt in SUFE?
groin SOMETIMES ONLY IN THE KNEE
36
What aspect of the surface anatomy suggests DDH?
Asymetrical groin creases
37
Where does spondylolisthesis normally occour?
L4/L5 or L5/S1
38
What symptoms would a patient with Osteochondritis dissecans expriance?
Poorly localized pain effusions Occasional locking
39
What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
autosomal dominant heterogenoeus condition resuting in abnormal elastin and collagen formation
40
What do people with osteogenesis imperfecta look like?
short stature Multiple deformaties Blue sclera
41
What is spina bifida cystica?
the contents of the vertebral canal herneates through the defect
42
How does knee alignment change with age?
Vargus at birth Alinged at 14 months Valgus at aged 3 Normal at aged 7
43
What is spondylolisthesis?
Slippage of one vertebra over another
44
What is Apophysitis?
inflammation of a growing tubercle where a tendon attatches
45
What defect is present in osteogenesis imperfecta?
defect of maturation and organization of type 1 collagen
46
What happens in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Defect in dystrophin gene involved in calcium transport Progressive muscle weekness Age 10 cant walk Age 20 cardiac and respiratory failure

MSK - Orthopedics (12 decks)

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