General Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of bone healing and when do they occour?

A

Primary bone healing = fracture gap less than 1mm

Secondary bone healing = all other fractrures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does primary bone healing occour?

A

New bone produced by osteoblasts bridges the gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the steps involved in secondary bone healing?

A
  1. inflammation
  2. Soft callus
  3. Hard callus
  4. Remodeling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long after the injury is a soft callus formed ?

A

2/3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does a hard callus take to appear?

A

6-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 5 typical fracture paterns?

A

Transverse fractures

Oblique fractures

Spiral fractures

Comminuted fractures

Segmental fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe this fracture

A

Oblique extra articalur fracture of the middle third of the fibula with a displacement of 100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes damage in compartment syndrome?

A

Increased pressure resulting in compression and ischeamia of the muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two cardinal clinical signs of compartment syndrome?

A

Increased pain on passive stretching of involved muscle

Unusually severe pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you treat compartment syndrome?

A

removal of tight bandages

Emergancy fasciotomies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is prophylaxis should be given to all patients with major lower limb fractures?

A

Low Molecular Weight Heparin for DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the most common causes of Spetic arthritis?

A

Straphylococcus aureus

Heamophilus influenzae:- kids

Neisseria gonorrhoea:- Young adults

Eshcerichia coli- Elderly and PWID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you treat Septic arthritis?

A

Aspirate joint

Indentify causitive organism

Antibiotics plus surgical washout ( if necesary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is spinal shock?

A

Physiological response to injury with complete loss of sensation and motor function and loss of reflexes below the level of the injury for 24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the bulbocavernous reflex?

A

relex contraction of the anal sphincter with either a squeeze of the glans penis or tapping on the mons pubis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you know when spinal shock is over?

A

The bulbocavernous reflex returns

17
Q

What is Neurogenic Shock?

A

Shock occouring from temporary shutdown of sympathetic outflow

18
Q

What is a complete spinal cord injury?

A

No sensory or voluntary motor function below the level of the injury

19
Q

What is an incomplete spinal injury?

A

Preservation of some neurological function distal to the level of injury

20
Q

What makes up the pelvic ring?

A

Sacrum, ilium, ischium and pubic bone

21
Q

What is the name of the socket of the hip joint?

A

Acetabulum

22
Q

How do you teat humeral neck fractures?

A

Usually with a sling

23
Q

What is more common: anterior or posterior shoulder disocations?

24
Q

Why do most anterior shoulder dislocations happen?

A

detachment of the anterior glenoid labrum

25
What must you be aware of in anterior shouder dislocations?
Injury to axillary nerve
26
What is the sign of axillary nerve injury?
Loss of sensation in the regimentlal badge area
27
What is the treatment for dislocated shoulders?
Closed reduction under sedation or anaestheic Neurovascular assement sling for 2-3 weeks
28
Which nerve is pariculary at risk in humeral shaft fractures?
Radial nerve in the spinal groove
29
What symptoms would suggest a radial nerve injury?
Wrist drop and loss of sensation in the firs dorsal web space
30
What is the usual treatment plan for humeral shaft fractures?
Functional humeral brace
31
What is the managment plan for a dislocated finger?
reduce with or without local anasthetic Splint for 3 weeks
32
What must you be weary of in knee dislocations?
Poplieal artery injury common fibular nerve injury
33