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CP3 @ UoN - Musculoskeletal & MDD > Paediatric Orthopaedics - Abnormal Posture > Flashcards

Paediatric Orthopaedics - Abnormal Posture Flashcards

1
Q

What is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?

A

Spectrum of disorders ranging from dysplasia to dislocation

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2
Q

How is DDH normally identified?

A

Newborn check using Barlow & Ortolani manoeuvres

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3
Q

How can DDH present?

A

Abnormal gait/limp
Asymmetry of skinfolds around hip
Limited abduction of hip
Shortening of affected leg

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4
Q

How common is DDH?

A

1.3/1000 live births

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5
Q

How is DDH managed?

A

Splinting to keep the hip flexed & abducted for several months

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for DDH?

A 
Sibling hx
Females
Firstborn
Breech delivery
Oligohydramnios
Neuromuscular disorders
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7
Q

What causes flat feet in toddlers?

A 
Flat medial longitudinal arch
Fat pad (disappears w/ age)
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8
Q

What are the causes of a painful, fixed flat foot in older children?

A

Tendo-Achilles contracture
Tarsal coalition
Inflammatory arthropathy

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9
Q

How are flat feet treated?

A

Footwear/arch support

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10
Q

What is forefoot adduction?

A

Adduction deformity of highly mobile forefoot

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11
Q

How is forefoot adduction managed?

A

Passively correctable by holding heel in normal positions
Treatment not required unless
-persists >5yrs
-symptomatic

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12
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature in frontal plane of spine

-vertebral bodies rotated

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13
Q

How does Scoliosis present?

A

Rib asymmetry
Pain-free
Cardioresp failure

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14
Q

What are the causes of Scoliosis?

A

Idiopathic
Congenital (VACTERL)
Secondary

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15
Q

What are the management options for Scoliosis?

A

Mild - resolve spontaneously

Severe - managed in specialist spinal centres w/ bracing/surgery

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16
Q

What is Torticollis?

A

Wry neck

Dystonic condition presenting w/ abnormal/asymmetrical H/N position

17
Q

What are the causes of acute Torticollis?

A 
Muscular spasm
2o to ENT infec
Spinal tumour
Cervical spine arthritis/malformation
Post fossa tumour
18
Q

What is the main cause of chronic Torticollis?

A

Congenital Muscular Torticollis

19
Q

What is Congenital Muscular Torticollis?

A

Sternomastoid tumour causing torticollis

20
Q

How does CMT present?

A

1st few weeks of life

  • mobile, non-tender nodule w/i the body of the SCM
  • restriction of head turning/tilting
21
Q

How is torticollis managed?

A 
CMT
   -resolves in 2-6mo
Torticollis
   -physio
   -paracetamol + NSAIDs
   -strong painkillers
   -muscle relaxant
   -treat underlying cause

CP3 @ UoN - Musculoskeletal & MDD (26 decks)

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