Paediatric Orthopaedics

Question 1

What are the normal rotational appearances of a child

Answer 1

• at birth- bowed legs
• At 2yrs - straight legs
• At 4yrs - Max menu Valgum up to 15°
• At 6yrs- normal genu Valgum

Question 2

What do you measure for genu varum

Answer 2

Medial inter condylar distance

Question 3

How to measure genu Valgum

Answer 3

Intermalleolar distance

Question 4

What tests are used for foot progression angle

Answer 4

Craig’s test-femoral ante version
Trans-malleolar axis
Thigh-foot angle

Question 5

What are the causes for intoeing

Answer 5

• Femoral anteversion
• tibial torsion
• metatarsus adductas

Question 6

What is femoral anteversion and tx

Answer 6

Femoral head facing anterioly with medially rotated patella = ability to m sit

Tx: derotational osteotomy

Question 7

Explain metatarsus adductus

Answer 7

• Kidney shaped feet
• medial deviation of fore foot
• normal alignment of hind foot
• Asses active correction by tickling the foot

Question 8

Management of metatarsus adductus

Answer 8

* Monitor progression by 5yrs 
# mild = stretches
# moderate = serial casting
# open wedge medial osteotomy and close wedge lateral osteatomy