Paediatric Neurology Flashcards
name other words for disorder.
Disability
Syndrome
Give a few examples of syndromes seen in children.
22 deletion syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
Epilepsy
Fetal Alchohol syndrome
How are developmental disorders identified?
- Neonatal Health Screening
- Health visitor visits and reviews
- Orthoptist vision screening
- follow up if “high risk” infants
- listening to parents
- opportunistic recognition
When is the onset of a neurological disability?
It can be: Pre-Natal Peri-Natal Post-Natal Evolving process over first few weeks or months of life Sudden event (traumatic/non-traumatic)
Who are key participants in the rehabilitation process?
Parents
What are some signs between birth and 3 months that would flag something isn’t quite right?
- difficulties with muscle tone (floppy/rigid)
- large/small head
- jerking of limbs
- inability to feed (poor suck/ coordination)
- excessive irritability
From 3 months to 3 years what problems can appear?
- developmental delay
- progressive disorder
- visual difficulties
- disorders of language, communication and mechanics of eating
Name this:
Generalised motor and/or cognitive delay
gross/fine motor delay
symmetrical/asymetrical
Developmental Delay.
Name this:
The loss of skills or inability to gain skills.
progressive disorders
For disorders of language, communication and mechanics of eating, what should we look out for?
- Can’t gain weight
- Speech delay or DLD
- Hearing/ENT disorder
- Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
name a visual difficulty.
delayed visual maturity
or could be blind
What disorders tend to appear from 3-16 years?
- Seizure Disorders
- Neuromuscular Disorders
- Brain Injury- non traumatic or traumatic
- Degenerative conditions
- Neurobehavioural Disorders
At what age range do: headaches and neurological sleep disorders, appear?
5 to 16 years.
How may a child be referred?
- GP
- Parental Awareness
- Nursery/school
- A and E department
- Health Visitor
What is the focus of child development services?
It is centered around the child (and their family) .
How are children assessed?
- collation of information from primary care and referrers
- home visit
- paediatrician assessment
- allied health professional assessment
- liason with education services
What is essential between professional teams?
communication
Information sharing.
What is required in assessment?
- Background History
- Parent/Carer perspective
- Child’s perspective
- Developmental Assessment
- Physical Examination-Diagnostic formulation and targeted investigations
- monitor developmental process over time
- assessment by other specialists e.g. genetics
Why should we look for an aetiology?
- to inform functional impact and prognosis
- to allow accurate counselling for parents
- allows appropriate support and early intervention
- stops further intrusive and possible painful investigations.
What kind of investigations are done?
- Invasive/ Non-Invasive
- Neurological examination
- Video analysis
- Diaries
- EEG, MRI scan etc.
Name the components of the ICF WHO.
Health Condition (disorder/disease)
Body functions and structure, Activity & Participation
Environmental and Personal factors (aka contextual factors)
What are some common problems in children with complex disabilities?
- saliva control difficulties
- feeding problems
- gastro-oesophageal reflux
- mobility problems
- communication difficulties
- pain
What are some other issues to consider apart from the childs’ disorder?
- Family Perspective
- Process of adjustment
- Traumatic event
- Bereavment Process.
Generally, how can having a child with a disability impact the family?
- Increased stress
- loss of relationships/friendships
- poor parental health
- high level of stress when dealing with service providers.
What are some problems when a parent comes to and SLT with their disabled child?
- They don’t understand where we fit in/ what our role is.
- lack of understanding of mechanics of speech
- parent expectations different from treatment plan
It is important to view parents as ______ and form a _______ ________.
Equals
working relationship.
The diagnosis of neuro-disability in a child has a devastating impact on the ______, their ______, ______ and _______ _________.
Child
Parents
Siblings
Extended Family
Diagnosis triggers _______ _______.
powerful emotions.
What can vary when it comes to diagnosis?
Parental Reactions to the diagnosis. (good/v. bad)
What’s essential to support clinical diagnosis and treatment plans?
knowledge of child development.
Good _____ must be established between the SLT and parent.
communication.
What is rated highly in parental expectations?
The importance of pleasurable feeding experiences for children.
Why is communication between all members of the professional team essential?
In order to have a wider undertsanding of the child’s clinical needs (and family dynamics). Allows you to provide a more hollistic approach to care.
