Huntington's Disease and Dystonia Flashcards
Define Hyperkinetic.
Too much/ excessive movement.
Define Hypokinetic.
Too little/paucity of movement.
Is hungtington’s disease Hyperkinetic or Hypokinetic?
Hyperkinetic.
Is parkinson’s disease Hyperkinetic or Hypokinetics?
Hypokinetic.
________ comes from the greek meaning group of dances.
Chorea.
What is chorea?
Involuntary and rapid movements which can look like Jerky dancing.
What is a core symptom of Huntigton’s Disease?
Chorea.
What are some other causes of chorea (apart from HD)?
- Sydenham’s chorea- as a complication of streptococcal infection
- Drugs (antipsychotics, oral contraceptives)
Huntington’s Disease is a ________ condition.
Neurological.
Mumbling, becoming clumsier and more stressed are all symptoms of…
Huntington’s Disease.
What is Huntington’s disease caused by?
A defective gene.
If an individual has the ________, they will ultimately develop huntington’s disease.
Defective Gene
Huntington’s Disease is mainly _____.
Inherited.
The defective gene is autosomal dominant, what does this mean?
If 1 parent has Huntington’s Disease, they have a 50/50 chance of inheriting it.
In rare cases there is no _____ ________ of the condition.
Family History.
Huntington’s Disease is _______, there is no cure.
Progressive.
It has a prevalence of 5.7 per 100,000 people in Europe, N. America and Australia, so is quite _____.
Rare.
Huntington’s Disease has a wide spectrum of _______ which can vary between individuals.
Symptoms.
What is the typical progression of HD?
10-25 years but can vary.
When does progression of HD tend to be faster?
In Juvenile Huntington’s Disease.
Both ____ and _____ can be affected, they have an _____ chance of _______ the ______.
Men and Women
Equal
Inheriting , gene
Onset can be at any age,but when is the typical onset of HD?
Between ages 35-55.
The onset of HD before age 20 is known as…
Juvenile Huntington’s Disease.
What are the main symptoms of HD?
- Communication changes eg.dysarthria, language and cognitive ability.
- Dysphagia
- Motor control changes- jerky, choreic movements.
- Behavioural and Mood changes- depression/anger
- cognitive changes.
__________________ begin early on in the HD process.
Speech production disturbances.
What happens to speech as HD progresses?
Speech often becomes unintelligible
Individuals are often non-verbal in the advanced (later) stages of the disease.
Name some specific speech and language difficulties somebody with HD may have.
- impaired breathing for speech production
- hoarse, harsh, strained or strangled vocal quality
- Inappropriate rate, rhythm and pitch of speech
- Imprecise articulation
As well as the actual production of speech, what other area is also greatly affected by HD?
Cognitive and language skills.
Name some cognitive and language deficits people with HD can present with.
- Difficulty beginning conversation
- Lack of spontaneity in communication
- Difficulty putting thoughts into words
- Reduced number of words available to the person
- Limited ability to respond within conversation
- Specific word finding difficulties
- Difficulty understanding complex information
- Slow Response Time.
Why are abilities often unpredictable in HD?
Because deficits occur randomly during the general progression of the disease.