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Neurology Yr2 > Introduction :) > Flashcards

Introduction :) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Neurology?

A

The management of diseases of the nervous system.

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2
Q

In neurology, many specialties are involved with one patient, this is known as a ______________ approach.

A

multidisciplinary approach

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3
Q

Language is localised to what hemisphere of the brain?

A

Left.

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4
Q

What does the role of the right hemisphere of the brain have?

A

It has a role in communication.

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5
Q

What may neurological diseases affect?

A

All pathways for speech, language and swallowing.

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6
Q

An slt’s role is to help with _______ as well as management and _______ of progress.

A

Diagnosis, Evaluation.

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7
Q

An SLT is involved in identifying what?

A

Lesion Localisation.

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8
Q

It is important for an SLT to determine the _______ on the patient.

A

Impact

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9
Q

An SLT also provides ______.

A

Therapy! :)

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10
Q

Name 7 neurological diseases commonly impairing communication.

A 
Myasthenia Gravis
Stroke
Dementia
Motor Neuron Disease (MND)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Parkinson's Disease (PD)
Huntingdon's Disease
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11
Q

Name the plane that splits the body vertically (into left and right).

A

Sagittal.

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12
Q

Name the plane that splits the body horizontally (into front and back).

A

Coronal.

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13
Q

What is the anatomical names for the following:

  • Front
  • Back
  • Top
  • Bottom
A

anterior
posterior
superior
inferior.

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14
Q

What makes up the Central Nervous System?

A

The Brain and the Spinal Cord.

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15
Q

Nerves make up the __________ Nervous System.

A

Peripheral.

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16
Q

What is the role of the CNS?

A

To store information and issue orders to muscles, glands and organs.

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17
Q

What is referred to as the bridge between the brain and peripheral nerves?

A

The Spinal Cord.

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18
Q

What is the role of the PNS?

A

It transmits information to and from the CNS.

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19
Q

Name the 2 divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System.

A
  • Somatic Nervous System

- Autonomic Nervous System

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20
Q

What is the role of the Somatic Nervous System?

A

To control Skeletal Muscles.

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21
Q

What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

It regulates gland, blood vessels and internal organs.

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22
Q

Out of Somatic and Autonomic- what nervous system further divides?

A

Autonomic Nervous System.

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23
Q

Name what the autonomic nervous system divides into.

A
  • Sympathetic Nervous System

- Parasympathetic Nervous System

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24
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is known for the what response?

A

The fight or flight response (mobilises body for action, energy output).

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25
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is known for what response?

A

The rest and digest response. (conserves energy, maintains quiet state.)

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26
Q

What is the encephalon?

A

The brain DUUUUHH

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27
Q

The ______ has 4 lobes.

A

Cerebrum

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28
Q

What connects the cerebral hemispheres?

A

The Corpus callosum.

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29
Q

The ______ _______ are associated with a variety of functions including: control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, routine behaviours or “habits” such as teeth grinding, eye movements, cognition and emotion.

A

basal ganglia

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30
Q

Name an important group of subcortical nuclei.

A

The basal ganglia.

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31
Q

The _________ lobe is not a single brain structure, but rather an interacting group of brain structures that includes portions of each lobe of the cerebral cortex.

A

limbic

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32
Q

What shape is the limbic lobe?

A

a C shape

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33
Q

what is the limbic lobe vital for?

A

the functioning of memory, learning, motivation, and emotion, endocrine functions and some autonomic (automatic, unconscious) bodily functions.

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34
Q

What is found under the cerebrum?

A

The cerebellum.

35
Q

The cerebellum is a _____ shape.

A

Fan.

36
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

It is responsible for human movement, co-ordination, motor control and sensory perception. (important for balance etc.)

37
Q

Name the posterior part of the brain joining with the spinal cord.

A

Brain stem.

38
Q

The brain stem connects the ________ with the __________ ___________.

A

cerebrum, spinal cord.

39
Q

Most _____ _____ are found in the brain stem.

A

cranial nerves. (10 of them)

40
Q

What provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves?

A

The brain stem

41
Q

The brainstem also plays an important role in the regulation of _______and _____ function.

A

Cardiac, Respiratory

42
Q

What part of the brain maintains consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle?

A

Brain Stem.

43
Q

Name some basic functions of the brain stem.

A 
Alertness
Heart rate
Breathing
Sleeping
Eating
44
Q

A spinal nerve is a _____ nerve which carries motor, sensory and autonomic signals between the _____ _____ and the _________.

A

Mixed, Spinal Cord, Body.

45
Q

Name the 2 types of Spinal Nerves.

A

Afferent and Efferent.

46
Q

What are Efferent Nerves?

A

Nerve fibres that transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS (from brain to body).

47
Q

What are muscle fibres?

A

Efferent fibres that go to muscles and make them contract.

48
Q

What are Afferent Nerves?

A

Nerve fibres that carry information to CNS including sensations of touch, pain & temperature (From body to the brain).

49
Q

What do large lesions do?

A

They impair motor and sensory functions.

50
Q

Carries information TO the CNS - efferent or afferent?

A

Afferent.

51
Q

Carries information FROM the CNS- efferent or afferent?

A

Efferent.

52
Q

Name the Cranial Nerves Important for Speech and Hearing.

A 
Trigeminal - 5
Facial - 7
Vestibulocochlear - 8
Glossopharyngeal - 9
Vagus - 10
Spinal Accessory - 11
Hypoglossal - 12
53
Q

Is the trigeminal nerve motor, sensory or both?

A

both.

54
Q

What is the trigeminal nerve responsible for?

A

Mastication and sensation to face, teeth, gums and parts of tongue.

55
Q

What cranial nerve flattens and tenses the soft palate?

A

Trigeminal Nerve.

56
Q

How would you test the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

Jaw Movements, biting hard, pushing jaw against hand.

57
Q

What nerve is motor and sensory- the sensory taste fibres running through the tongue and palate, the motor passing through the ear (stapes). Branching to the lower and upper face.

A

Facial.

58
Q

Sensory nerves of the __________ nerve branch to the forehead, eyes, nose, maxilla, cheeks, palate, tongue, teeth and lips.

A

Trigeminal.

59
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A
  • Movements of facial expression.
  • wrinkling forehead
  • closing eyes/lips
  • pulls larynx up and down
  • some involvement in taste
60
Q

What nerve is this the test for?
Wrinkle Forehead
Close eyes tight
Mouth movements

A

Facial Nerve.

61
Q

What nerve is located in the cochlear?

A

the Vestibulocochlear Nerve.

62
Q

What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

A

Takes information from inner ear to nervous system.

63
Q

What nerve test would involve an audiologist and an SLT may notice dizziness?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve.

64
Q

Is the vestibulocochlear nerve- sensory, motor or both?

A

Sensory :)

65
Q

Name this nerve-

It is a sensory and motor nerve from both hemispheres to the pharynx and larynx.

A

Glossopharyngeal.

66
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Raises pharynx and larynx for swallowing.
Triggers swallowing response
Gag Reflex

67
Q

How would you test the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Presence of gag reflex (but not everyone has one!)

68
Q

Name this nerve-

It braches to the pharynx and larynx.

A

Vagus nerve.

69
Q

What is the function of the Vagus nerve?

A

Heart
Moves intrinsic muscles of larynx
pain from larynx, pharynx, ear canal

70
Q

How do you test for the Vagus Nerve?

A

Maximum Phonation Time.

Movement of Pharynx.

71
Q

Both the glossopharyngeal and Vagus nerves are _________ nerves.

A

mixed- motor & sensory!

72
Q

The motor nerve that connects to the uvular and neck is called the __________________.

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve.

73
Q

What is the function of the Spinal Accessory Nerve?

A

Move head- rotate, thrust head (sternocleidomastoid muscle)

74
Q

How would you test for the spinal accessory nerve?

A

look at sternocleidomastoid and get client to move head.

75
Q

Describe the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve.

A

Motor Nerve.
Runs under tongue.
Branches to larynx.

76
Q

what is the nerve responsible for tongue movement, that contributes to phonation?

A

Hypoglossal nerve.

77
Q

How would you test the Hypoglossal Nerve?

A

Look at tongue

Protude tongue

78
Q

Name the other cranial nerves not involved in speech and their functions.

A

Olfactory -1 - smell
Optic - 2 - vision
Oculomotor - 3, Trochlear -4 and Abducens -6 = eye movements.

79
Q 
What are all of these examples of?
Blood Tests
Computerised Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Electro-Encephalography (EEG)
Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)
Lumbar Puncture.
A

Diagnostics.

80
Q

What does EMG do?

A

Records electrical activity of motor units.

81
Q

What can EMG evaluate?

A

Muscle disorders and neuromuscular junction disorders.

82
Q

What measures-
the responses in sensory nerves after stimulation
&
muscle action potential after motor nerve stimulation.

A

NCS

83
Q

What does NCS (nerve conduction studies) evaluate?

A

Peripheral Nerve Damage.

84
Q

What diagnostic is useful in the diagnosis of infective and inflammatory conditions e.g. MS and meningitis?

A

Lumbar Puncture

Neurology Yr2 (9 decks)

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