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Pediatrics > Paediatric Nephrology > Flashcards

Paediatric Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of the kidney?

A

Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
Excretion of waste product
Hormonal - Vit D, EPO, Renin and prostaglandin
Acid-Base balance

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2
Q

What is the syndrome which causes bilateral renal agenesis?

A

Potter’s Syndrome

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3
Q

What are the 5 most common urinary tract abnormalities?

A 
Absent Kidney(s)
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Duplex Kidney 
Horseshoe Kidney 
Obstruction
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4
Q

What are the top 4 causes of oedema in children?

A

HF
Nephrotic syndrome
Liver Failure
Malnutrition

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5
Q

Proteinuria in children can be either benign or pathological. What defines benign proteinuria?

A

The presence of protein in urine without the associated BP/ renal function/ macroscopic haemoturia changes

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6
Q

What glomerular diseases can cause pathlogical proteinuria in children?

A

Glomerularsclerosis
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
Familial haematuria

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7
Q

What is the definition of Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminaemia
Oedema
HYpercholesterolaemia

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8
Q

A child presents with oedema around the eyes, frothy urine, and you suspect nephrotic syndrome. How are the causes classified and what diseases can fall into each classification?

A

Idiopathic - Minimal Change Disease, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Secondary - Henoch-scholeinn purpura, Systemic Lupus Erythematous

Congenital

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9
Q

How should a child with nephrotic syndrome be treated?

A 
Prednisilone 
20% albumin + Furosemide
Pneumoccocal Vaccine 
Penicillin Prophylaxis 
Fluid Restriction
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10
Q

What are the NON-GLOMERULAR causes of haematuria in a child? (9)

A 
Infection 
Trauma
Stones
Sickle Cell
Coagulopathy
Renal Vain Thrombosis
Tumour 
Structural Abnormality 
Munchausen by proxy
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11
Q

What are the GLOMERULAR causes of haematuria? (3)

A

Acute or Chronic glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
Familial nephritis

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12
Q

What are the causes of hypertension in children?

A 
Renin-dependant 
coarctation 
catecholamine excess
Endocrine
Essential Hypertension 
Obesity 
Pharmacological
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13
Q

What are the renin dependant causes of hypertension in children?

A

Renal parenchymal disease
Reno vascular disease
Renal Tumours

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14
Q

What are the causes of catecholamine excess leading to hypertension in children?

A

phaeochromocytoma

Neuroblastoma

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15
Q

What are the Endocrine causes leading to hypertension in children?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Cushings
Hyperthyroidism

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16
Q

What drugs can lead to hypertension in children?

A

Steroids
Stimulants - methylphenidate
Recreational drugs - amphetamines
Liquorice

17
Q

What are the 5 indications for dialysis?

A 
Severe volume overload
Sever hyperkalaemia
Symptomatic Uraemia 
Severe metabolic acidosis
Removal of Toxins

Pediatrics (15 decks)

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