Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

head and neck > Paediatric ENT Surgery > Flashcards

Paediatric ENT Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

what are common symptoms of otology?

A 
Hearing loss
Otalgia (earache)
Otorrhoea (discharge)
Tinnitus
Vertigo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what puts you at risk of sensorineural hearing loss ?

A

family history
meningitis
perinatal sepsis (Toxoplasmosis,Rubella,C.M.V.,Herpes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what tests are done during the universal neonatal screening?

A

otoacoustic emmisions

Auditory Brainstem Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what hearing test is done at 6-18 months?

A

distraction test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what hearing test is done at 12 months – 3 years?

A

Visually Reinforced Audiometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what hearing test is done at 3 – 5years?

A

Play Audiometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what hearing test is done after 4 years?

A

Pure Tone Audiometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what part of the ear does tympanometry test measure?

A

condition of the middle ear and mobility of the eardrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is Otitis media with effusion?

A

thick or sticky fluid behind the eardrum in the middle ear. It occurs without an ear infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are symptoms of Otitis media with effusion?

A

hearing loss
speech delay
behavioural problems
academic decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes Otitis media with effusion?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction
adenoidal hypertrophy
resolving acute otitis media-effusion remains in middles ear for weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does autoinflation using valsalve achieve?

A

Helps child pop their ears by equalising pressure in middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the surgical advice management of Otitis media with effusion?

A

grommet insertion-benefit for hearing/ speech/ behaviour
+/- adenoidectomy:
better long term effect
recurrent o.m.e

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is Otitis media with thicker effusion known as?

A

serous otitis media

glue ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the risk factors of O.M.E.

A

80% before 10years
2 peaks – 18 months and 4 years
m>f
parental smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are investigative signs of O.M.E.

A

dull tm
fluid level
bubbles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the difference between children with an ear infection and children with OME?

A

children with OME do not act sick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the Acute otitis media?

A

painful type of middle ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the common incidence of Acute otitis media?

A

peak incidence 3-18months

m=f

20
Q

what are the symptoms of A.O.M.?

A 
short history
pain +++
fever
systemic upset (sleep disturbance)
ear discharge
21
Q

what is the microbiology of A.O.M.?

A

haemophilus influenza
strep. pneumonia
moraxella catarrhalis

22
Q

what is the A.O.M. management?

A

analgesia

antibiotics (amoxycillin / co-amoxiclav)

23
Q

what is acute mastoiditis?

A

When the mastoid cells become infected or inflamed, often as a result of an unresolved middle ear infection

24
Q

what are extracranial complications of A.O.M.

A 
acute mastoiditis
facial nerve palsy
ossicular / cochlear damage
labyrinthitis
chronic perforation
25
Q

what are intracranial complications of A.O.M.

A

febrile convulsion
brain abscess
meningitis
sub/extradural empyema

26
Q

what is surgical management of recurrent/ complicated a.o.m?

A

grommet insertion

+/- adenoidectomy

27
Q

what are some examples of hearing aids?

A

bone anchored hearing aid

cochlear implant

28
Q

what are common symptoms of rhinology?

A 
Nasal obstruction +/- snoring
Nasal discharge
Epistaxis
Sense of smell
Sinus discomfort
29
Q

what are common tests of rhinology?

A

Nasal speculum
Auriscope (Otoscope)
Spatula test
Nasal endoscopy

30
Q

what are common investigations of rhinology?

A 
Allergy tests (R.A.S.T./ Skin prick testing)
Plain X-ray (Adenoid hypertrophy)
CT scanning (Choanal atresia)
31
Q

what is epistaxis?

A

nosebleed

32
Q

what are causes of epistaxis?

A

digital trauma

consider coagulpathy/haematological abnormality

33
Q

what is the treatment of epistaxis?

A

Appropriate first aid
Antibiotic ointments
Cautery (Silver Nitrate)
Nasal packing

34
Q

what causes nasal obstruction?

A

rhinitis (allergic/non-allergic)
adenoidal hypertrophy
foreign body

35
Q

what is the treatment for nasal obstruction?

A 
decongestants
steroids
nasal hygeine – saline douching
diathermy/ reduce turbinates
adenoidectomy
36
Q

what is Periorbital cellulitis?

A

inflammation and infection of the eyelid and portions of skin around the eye
complication of ethmoid sinusitis

37
Q

what is orbital cellulitis?

A

is inflammation of eye tissues behind the orbital septum.

38
Q

when are nasal polyps common?

A

adults, rare in children(suspect CF)

39
Q

what are common symptoms of laryngology?

A 
sore throat/odynophagia
dysphagia
hoarseness
stridor
drooling
neck lump
40
Q

what is a common sign of a thyroglossal cyst?

A

Cyst connected to tongue so stick tongue out and it moves upward

41
Q

what are causes of tonsillitis?

A 
viral infection (rhinoviruses)
bacterial (beta-haemolytic streptococci)
42
Q

what is the management of acute tonsillitis?

A

penicillin v +/- anaerobic cover
avoid amoxycillin/ampicilin
antiseptic gargle (difflam)
analgesia

surgical
drain tonsillar abscess (quinsy)
airway obstruction
tonsillectomy (recurent/malignancy)

43
Q

what is stertor?

A

Noisy breathing due to obstruction above the larynx

44
Q

what is stridor?

A

Noisy breathing due to obstruction at or below the larynx

45
Q

what is ronchi?

A

coarse rattling respiratory sounds

Due to narrowing of the lower respiratory airways

46
Q

what is croup?

A

infection that leads to swelling inside the wind pipe, produces classic symptoms of “barking” cough

47
Q

what is Laryngomalacia?

A

most common cause of stridor in infancy, in which the soft, immature cartilage of the upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation,

head and neck (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions