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15021998-MSK > padlet sessions/random facts > Flashcards

padlet sessions/random facts Flashcards

1
Q

what causes AVN

A

fat, thombophilia or nitrogen in blood (post-deep sea diving/decompression sickness) block tiny blood vessels which reduced blood supply causing AVN

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2
Q

do osteochondro allografts require immunosuppresion

A

No, they take well

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3
Q

do females have more lax ligaments than males.

A

yes

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4
Q

what does a discectomy aim to do

A

reduced leg pain, not back pain

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5
Q

how do you treat club foot?

A

ponsetti method +/- achilles tenotomy

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6
Q

difference between sensitivity and specificity

A 
sensitivity = accuracy
specificity = how many +ive tests mean you have the disease
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7
Q

name the movements of the thumb

A

-

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8
Q

List NSAIDS

A

aspirin…………

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9
Q

Types of Gait

A

-

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10
Q

teicoplanin used for what

A

-

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11
Q

CES does PR exam look for

A

necessary to do

check lax anal sphincter; no contraction on cough/voluntary squeeze then not good

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12
Q

banging your funny bone affects which nerve

A

ulnar nerve

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13
Q

infliximab - Mechanism of action and what is it used for?

A

tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and is used to treat autoimmune diseases. Infliximab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

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14
Q

what does a waddling gait occur in?

A

Spondylolisthesis

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15
Q

what is an ataxic gait?

A

Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that includes gait abnormality. (stroke/tumour…)

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16
Q

what is a parkinsonian gait?

A

characterized by small shuffling steps and a general slowness of movement (hypokinesia), due to parkinsons.

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17
Q

what is Trendelenburg gait and why does it occur

A

due to gluteal weakness

occurs in unstable hip due to congenital dislocation of hip,

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18
Q

what is a High stepping gait

A

due to foot drop, lift leg higher as foot defective

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19
Q

what is an Antalgic gait

A

limp due to pain

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20
Q

why does Circumduction gait occur?

A

hemiplegia (unilateral paresis, is weakness of one entire side of the body)

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21
Q

what is a scissor gait and why does it occur?

A

Scissor gait is a form of gait abnormality primarily associated with spastic cerebral palsy.

gait pattern reminiscent of marrionette.

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22
Q

Charlie Chaplin gait:

A

occurs in tibial torsion

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23
Q

why do a joint stabilisation?

A

for unstable joints.

24
Q

why is joint replacement not done unless arthritis significant

A

treatment for pain not swelling/stiffness

25
Q

tinels test and phalens test and durkans test used for?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

26
Q

Finklesteins test diagnoses what?

A

De Quervines tenosynovitis

27
Q

thumb movements

A

idk

28
Q

foot/ankle movements

A

idk

29
Q

bones of the wrist and ankle

A

idk

30
Q

what nerve supplies radial half of ring finger and first 3 fingers

A

median nerve

31
Q

supply of FDS and FDP

A

FDP = half ulnar nerve and half median

FDS = median nerve

32
Q

why do Steinmanns test?

A

meniscal tears can be positive or negative for degenerative, acute = usually positive

33
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta treatment

A

biphosphonates used (reduced fracture risk - conrtoversial).

also care of broken bones, pain medication, physiotherapy, braces or wheelchairs, and surgery, bone infections treated

34
Q

how do biphosphonates work?

A

osteoclast reabsorb bone - biphospahates stop this

35
Q

NSAID’s need warning for what conditions

A

NSAID-sensitive asthma can occur, risk needs assessed (mild asthma is okay 15% flare up dis with aspirin, if brittle uncontrolled asthma then risk is probably too much).

occurs because although NSAID’s reduces inflammatory cytokines other inflammatory cytokines are increase and these can cause exacerbation of asthma

[also GI bleeds]

36
Q

x-ray changes for OA and RA

A 
OA-loss
L – loss of joint space
O – osteophytes
S – subchondral sclerosis
S – subchondral cysts
RA-LESS
L – loss of joint space
E – erosions
S – soft tissue swelling
S – soft bones (osteopenia)
37
Q

what cyst is found in popliteal fossa?

A

baker’s cyst

38
Q

developmental juvenile baker’s cyst facts and why it occurs?

A

not uncommon, do happen, resolve with passage of time

because have weak point at the back so synovial fluid herniates

39
Q

with substantial soft tissue swelling/blistering what to use?

A

external fixator

40
Q

intracapular and elderly get what

A

total arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty

41
Q

what is shenton’s line

A

useful line on X-rays for detecting hip #’s

42
Q

do reflexes occur in spinal cord injury?

A

yes, they usually stop then recur within a day of complete spinal cord injury

43
Q

when do you check for talar shift?

A

follow ottawa criteria (no bony tenderness and take some weight through foot then no #). if either then need X-ray post sprain

44
Q

what does perilunate dislocation cause

A

wrist injury where if not see on X-ray fusion of wrist occurs - they need emergyen reduction and internal fixation with wires

45
Q

why does soft tissue welling need to go down before operating

A

makes skin unstable, difficult to close more open to bacteria (OM, septic arthritis).

46
Q

what does thomas’s test indicate and when is it use

A

detects early arthritis in hip. used very rarely because the tests (rotations) show same

47
Q

when do you need to feel pubic symphysis in hip exam?

A

if suspect pubic rami #

48
Q

what does trapezium do?

A

rotates scapular (and pulls it forwards)

49
Q

sciatic, femoral nerve and obturator nerve supply what in thigh

A

sciatic = posterior
femoral=anterior
obturator = medial

50
Q

need to know small vessel ANCA +ive and large vessel vasculitis but not any other form of vasculitis (ignore rest but know medium exists).

A

what do you need to know for vasculitis

51
Q

wolffs law

A

bones only loaded on area of stress (which is why astarounts lose bone density).

52
Q

cracking knuckles

A

nitrogen under pressure forming gas bubbles.(not properly understood) - doesn’t cause arthritis

53
Q

what does the supraspinatus

A

abducts the humerus

54
Q

what does the infraspinatus

A

externally rotates the humerus

55
Q

what does the Teres minor

A

externally rotates the humerus

56
Q

what does subscapularis

A

internally rotates the humerus

57
Q

what does the deltoid do? innervated by what nerve?

A

shoulder abduction, flexion and extension - innervated by auxiliary

15021998-MSK (19 decks)

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