padlet sessions/random facts Flashcards
what causes AVN
fat, thombophilia or nitrogen in blood (post-deep sea diving/decompression sickness) block tiny blood vessels which reduced blood supply causing AVN
do osteochondro allografts require immunosuppresion
No, they take well
do females have more lax ligaments than males.
yes
what does a discectomy aim to do
reduced leg pain, not back pain
how do you treat club foot?
ponsetti method +/- achilles tenotomy
difference between sensitivity and specificity
sensitivity = accuracy specificity = how many +ive tests mean you have the disease
name the movements of the thumb
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List NSAIDS
aspirin…………
Types of Gait
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teicoplanin used for what
-
CES does PR exam look for
necessary to do
check lax anal sphincter; no contraction on cough/voluntary squeeze then not good
banging your funny bone affects which nerve
ulnar nerve
infliximab - Mechanism of action and what is it used for?
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and is used to treat autoimmune diseases. Infliximab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
what does a waddling gait occur in?
Spondylolisthesis
what is an ataxic gait?
Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that includes gait abnormality. (stroke/tumour…)
what is a parkinsonian gait?
characterized by small shuffling steps and a general slowness of movement (hypokinesia), due to parkinsons.
what is Trendelenburg gait and why does it occur
due to gluteal weakness
occurs in unstable hip due to congenital dislocation of hip,
what is a High stepping gait
due to foot drop, lift leg higher as foot defective
what is an Antalgic gait
limp due to pain
why does Circumduction gait occur?
hemiplegia (unilateral paresis, is weakness of one entire side of the body)
what is a scissor gait and why does it occur?
Scissor gait is a form of gait abnormality primarily associated with spastic cerebral palsy.
gait pattern reminiscent of marrionette.
Charlie Chaplin gait:
occurs in tibial torsion
why do a joint stabilisation?
for unstable joints.
why is joint replacement not done unless arthritis significant
treatment for pain not swelling/stiffness
tinels test and phalens test and durkans test used for?
carpal tunnel syndrome
Finklesteins test diagnoses what?
De Quervines tenosynovitis
thumb movements
idk
foot/ankle movements
idk
bones of the wrist and ankle
idk
what nerve supplies radial half of ring finger and first 3 fingers
median nerve
supply of FDS and FDP
FDP = half ulnar nerve and half median
FDS = median nerve
why do Steinmanns test?
meniscal tears can be positive or negative for degenerative, acute = usually positive
osteogenesis imperfecta treatment
biphosphonates used (reduced fracture risk - conrtoversial).
also care of broken bones, pain medication, physiotherapy, braces or wheelchairs, and surgery, bone infections treated
how do biphosphonates work?
osteoclast reabsorb bone - biphospahates stop this
NSAID’s need warning for what conditions
NSAID-sensitive asthma can occur, risk needs assessed (mild asthma is okay 15% flare up dis with aspirin, if brittle uncontrolled asthma then risk is probably too much).
occurs because although NSAID’s reduces inflammatory cytokines other inflammatory cytokines are increase and these can cause exacerbation of asthma
[also GI bleeds]
x-ray changes for OA and RA
OA-loss L – loss of joint space O – osteophytes S – subchondral sclerosis S – subchondral cysts
RA-LESS L – loss of joint space E – erosions S – soft tissue swelling S – soft bones (osteopenia)
what cyst is found in popliteal fossa?
baker’s cyst
developmental juvenile baker’s cyst facts and why it occurs?
not uncommon, do happen, resolve with passage of time
because have weak point at the back so synovial fluid herniates
with substantial soft tissue swelling/blistering what to use?
external fixator
intracapular and elderly get what
total arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty
what is shenton’s line
useful line on X-rays for detecting hip #’s
do reflexes occur in spinal cord injury?
yes, they usually stop then recur within a day of complete spinal cord injury
when do you check for talar shift?
follow ottawa criteria (no bony tenderness and take some weight through foot then no #). if either then need X-ray post sprain
what does perilunate dislocation cause
wrist injury where if not see on X-ray fusion of wrist occurs - they need emergyen reduction and internal fixation with wires
why does soft tissue welling need to go down before operating
makes skin unstable, difficult to close more open to bacteria (OM, septic arthritis).
what does thomas’s test indicate and when is it use
detects early arthritis in hip. used very rarely because the tests (rotations) show same
when do you need to feel pubic symphysis in hip exam?
if suspect pubic rami #
what does trapezium do?
rotates scapular (and pulls it forwards)
sciatic, femoral nerve and obturator nerve supply what in thigh
sciatic = posterior
femoral=anterior
obturator = medial
need to know small vessel ANCA +ive and large vessel vasculitis but not any other form of vasculitis (ignore rest but know medium exists).
what do you need to know for vasculitis
wolffs law
bones only loaded on area of stress (which is why astarounts lose bone density).
cracking knuckles
nitrogen under pressure forming gas bubbles.(not properly understood) - doesn’t cause arthritis
what does the supraspinatus
abducts the humerus
what does the infraspinatus
externally rotates the humerus
what does the Teres minor
externally rotates the humerus
what does subscapularis
internally rotates the humerus
what does the deltoid do? innervated by what nerve?
shoulder abduction, flexion and extension - innervated by auxiliary
