JH. Anat Lower lim Flashcards
Name the 6 regions?
gluteal, femoral, knee, leg, ankle, foot
Gluteal region superficial muscle group contains which 4 muscles?
gluetus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae
who do the superficial gluteal muscles do?
extend, abduct and medially rotate the thigh
gluteus maximum innervation?
inferior gluteal nerve
what are the glut. medium, minimus and tensor fascia latae innervated by?
superior gluteal nerve
hip joint articulation
femoral head and acetabulum
deep muscle group in gluteal region muscles and nerve supply
piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris - nerves from sacral plexus.
function of piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris
lateral rotators of thigh and hip stabilisers.
sciatic nerve originated from which vertebral levels
L4-S3
sciatic nerve function?
supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of skin (via tibial and common fibular branches)
pudendal nerve origin and function
S2-S4, prinicple nerve to perineum
what does the posterior cuteness nerve of the thigh do and where does it originated
supplies skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh - S1-S3
what does the sciatic nerve supply in the gluteal region
NOTHING
describe route of sciatic nerve
exits inferior to prirformis and passes down into posterior thigh where it separates
what does the sciatic nerve separate into?
tibial and common fibular nerves.
femoral triangle contents
femoral N, A, V and lympathics
femoral triangle’s boundaries
superior – inguinal ligament
medially – lateral border of adductor longus
laterally – medial border of sartorius
floor – iliopsoas and pectineus
roof – deep fascia (fascia lata)
compartments of leg and thigh
leg - A, P, L
thigh - A, P, M
anterior thigh muscles and nerves
flexors of thigh
pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius
extensors of leg
quadriceps femoris
all femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) psoas major (L1,L2,L3)
Medial Compartment of Thigh muscles and nerves
adductors of thigh
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus
all obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve)
Posterior Compartment of Thigh muscles and nerves
extensors of thigh & flexors of leg
semitendinosus, semimembranosus & biceps femoris
all tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
short head biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic)
Anterior Compartment of Leg Muscles and nerves
dorsiflexors of ankle & extensors of toes
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius
all deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
Lateral Compartment of Leg muscles and nerves
evert foot & weakly plantarflex ankle
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
all superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Posterior Compartment of Leg muscles and nerves
Superficial group - plantarflexors of ankle
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
all tibial nerve
Deep group – flexors of toes & plantarflexors of ankle
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
all tibial nerve
ligaments of hip joint
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
blood supply of hip joint
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
usually from deep femoral artery
give off retinacular arteries
artery to head of femur
branch of obturator
knee joint movement(s)
flexion-extention (some medial-lateral)
ligaments of the knee joint. Name extracaspular, intracellular and menisci.
extracapsular:
- outside capsule
- patellar ligament
- lateral(fibular) collateral ligament
- medial (tibial) collateral ligament
intra-articular
- within knee joint
- anterior cruciate (ACL)
- posterior cruciate (PCL)
menisci:
- crescent shaped
- fibrocartilage
- medial and lateral
popliteal fossa boundaries
superolaterally – biceps femoris
superomedially – semimembranosus
inferiorly – gastrocnemius
roof – popliteal fascia
contents of popliteal fossa
lots of fat.
terminal small saphenous vein.
popliteal vessels.
tibial and common fibular nerves.
name for achilles tendon
Calcaneal Tendon
what forms calcaneal tendon?
tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus together
where does achilles/calcaneal tendon attach
attaches to calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus
what does ankle jerk reflex check
tests S1, S2 nerve roots; normal result is plantarflexion
give route of superficial lymphatics of the lower limb
follow saphenous veins, drain into sup. inguinal LNs. then external iliac LNs.
route of deep lymphatics in lower limb
follow deep veins (popliteal LNs). goes to deep inguinal LNs and then to external iliac LN’s.
