JH. Anat Lower lim

Question 1

Name the 6 regions?

Answer 1

gluteal, femoral, knee, leg, ankle, foot

Question 2

Gluteal region superficial muscle group contains which 4 muscles?

Answer 2

gluetus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae

Question 3

who do the superficial gluteal muscles do?

Answer 3

extend, abduct and medially rotate the thigh

Question 4

gluteus maximum innervation?

Answer 4

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 5

what are the glut. medium, minimus and tensor fascia latae innervated by?

Answer 5

superior gluteal nerve

Question 6

hip joint articulation

Answer 6

femoral head and acetabulum

Question 7

deep muscle group in gluteal region muscles and nerve supply

Answer 7

piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris - nerves from sacral plexus.

Question 8

function of piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris

Answer 8

lateral rotators of thigh and hip stabilisers.

Question 9

sciatic nerve originated from which vertebral levels

Answer 9

L4-S3

Question 10

sciatic nerve function?

Answer 10

supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of skin (via tibial and common fibular branches)

Question 11

pudendal nerve origin and function

Answer 11

S2-S4, prinicple nerve to perineum

Question 12

what does the posterior cuteness nerve of the thigh do and where does it originated

Answer 12

supplies skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh - S1-S3

Question 13

what does the sciatic nerve supply in the gluteal region

Answer 13

NOTHING

Question 14

describe route of sciatic nerve

Answer 14

exits inferior to prirformis and passes down into posterior thigh where it separates

Question 15

what does the sciatic nerve separate into?

Answer 15

tibial and common fibular nerves.

Question 16

femoral triangle contents

Answer 16

femoral N, A, V and lympathics

Question 17

femoral triangle’s boundaries

Answer 17

superior – inguinal ligament

medially – lateral border of adductor longus

laterally – medial border of sartorius

floor – iliopsoas and pectineus

roof – deep fascia (fascia lata)

Question 18

compartments of leg and thigh

Answer 18

leg - A, P, L

thigh - A, P, M

Question 19

anterior thigh muscles and nerves

Answer 19

flexors of thigh
pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius

extensors of leg
quadriceps femoris

all femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
psoas major (L1,L2,L3)

Question 20

Medial Compartment of Thigh muscles and nerves

Answer 20

adductors of thigh
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus

all obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve)

Question 21

Posterior Compartment of Thigh muscles and nerves

Answer 21

extensors of thigh & flexors of leg
semitendinosus, semimembranosus & biceps femoris

all tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
short head biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic)

Question 22

Anterior Compartment of Leg Muscles and nerves

Answer 22

dorsiflexors of ankle & extensors of toes
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

all deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Question 23

Lateral Compartment of Leg muscles and nerves

Answer 23

evert foot & weakly plantarflex ankle
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

all superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 24

Posterior Compartment of Leg muscles and nerves

Answer 24

Superficial group - plantarflexors of ankle
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

all tibial nerve

Deep group – flexors of toes & plantarflexors of ankle
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

all tibial nerve

Question 25

ligaments of hip joint

Answer 25

iliofemoral pubofemoral ischiofemoral

Question 26

blood supply of hip joint

Answer 26

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries usually from deep femoral artery give off retinacular arteries artery to head of femur branch of obturator

Question 27

knee joint movement(s)

Answer 27

flexion-extention (some medial-lateral)

Question 28

ligaments of the knee joint. Name extracaspular, intracellular and menisci.

Answer 28

extracapsular: - outside capsule - patellar ligament - lateral(fibular) collateral ligament - medial (tibial) collateral ligament intra-articular - within knee joint - anterior cruciate (ACL) - posterior cruciate (PCL) menisci: - crescent shaped - fibrocartilage - medial and lateral

Question 29

popliteal fossa boundaries

Answer 29

superolaterally – biceps femoris superomedially – semimembranosus inferiorly – gastrocnemius roof – popliteal fascia

Question 30

contents of popliteal fossa

Answer 30

lots of fat. terminal small saphenous vein. popliteal vessels. tibial and common fibular nerves.

Question 31

name for achilles tendon

Answer 31

Calcaneal Tendon

Question 32

what forms calcaneal tendon?

Answer 32

tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus together

Question 33

where does achilles/calcaneal tendon attach

Answer 33

attaches to calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus

Question 34

what does ankle jerk reflex check

Answer 34

tests S1, S2 nerve roots; normal result is plantarflexion

Question 35

give route of superficial lymphatics of the lower limb

Answer 35

follow saphenous veins, drain into sup. inguinal LNs. then external iliac LNs.

Question 36

route of deep lymphatics in lower limb

Answer 36

follow deep veins (popliteal LNs). goes to deep inguinal LNs and then to external iliac LN's.