PAD Continued

Question 1

symptoms in carotid artery stenosis

Answer 1

cerebrovascular accident
TIA or RIND
amaurosis fugax
global ischaemia/dementia
asymptomatic

Question 2

what is amaurosis fugax

Answer 2

temporary blindness or blurred vision

Question 3

extra cranial carotid artery stenosis may lead to

Answer 3

TIA or stroke
emboli or thrombosis

Question 4

extra cranial carotid artery stenosis is usually due to

Answer 4

atherosclerosis

Question 5

investigation for carotid artery stenosis

Answer 5

CT head
duplex US (for severity)
CT angiogram

Question 6

indications for treatment for carotid artery stenosis

Answer 6

treat if symptomatic
>70% = aspirin
>70% = carotid endarterectomy or carotid stent

Question 7

normam abdominal aortic diameter

Answer 7

2cm

Question 8

small abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 8

> 3cm

Question 9

clinically significant abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 9

> 5cm

Question 10

is abdominal aortic aneurysm more common in men or women

Answer 10

M:F = 6:1
rare below 60 years of age

Question 11

abdominal aortic aneurysm is readily diagnosed by

Answer 11

ultrasound

Question 12

what to do for abdominal aortic aneurysm over 5.5cm

Answer 12

surgical repair, usually with stent, unless the patient is unfit

Question 13

venous diseases

Answer 13

deep vein thrombosis
post-thrombotic syndrome
varicose veins
venous ulceration

Question 14

symptoms of post thrombotic syndrome

Answer 14

pain and discomfort
varicose veins
leg oedema
venous flares
skin changes of fibrosis and pigmentation
ulceration

Question 15

varicose veins are due to

Answer 15

primary cause: incompetent venous valves
secondary cause: secondary to DVT

Question 16

complications of varicose veins

Answer 16

thrombophlebitis
bleeding
pain
dermatitis
pigmented and indurated skin (lipodermatoscleris)
ulceration

Question 17

varicose veins can be assessed by

Answer 17

duplex scan

Question 18

varicose veins can be treated by

Answer 18

compression stockings
surgery to remove the veins
sclerotherapy
laser ablation

Question 19

examination of the leg in post thrombotic syndrome

Answer 19

trophic skin changes eg. hair loss, thin and shiny skin
pulses
capillary return
buerger’s test
lipodermatosclerosis
varicose veins

Question 20

ulcer examination

Answer 20

check surrounding skin for vasculitis, trophic changes, lipodermatosclerosis

check ulcer edge for elevation, slope or inched out character

check ulcer base for granulation, sloughy or necrotic surface