Fluids Flashcards
total body water should be equal to
0.6 x body weight
total body water is made up of
extracellular fluid (1/3)
and
intracellular fluid (2/3)
three types of fluids
crystalloids
colloids
blood products
crystalloids
normal saline
Hartmann solution
dextrose
normal saline in relation to physiological plasma
hypertonic
normal saline
not a good maintenance fluid by itself
good as a resuscitative and replacement fluid
great for NGT losses (due to ongoing metabolic alkalosis)
too much normal saline leads to
normal anion gap (hyerchloremic) metabolic acidosis
you should avoid normal saline in
liver cirrhosis
normal saline is great for NGT losses because
there is ongoing metabolic alkalosis and normal saline causes metabolic acidosis
Hartmann solution
more physiological than normal saline
acceptable maintenance fluid
lactate is metabolised in the liver to form bicarb which negates metabolic acidosis
when should you not use Hartmann solution
contains K, so avoid in dialysis patients or hyperkalaemic patients
also avoid in liver cirrhosis
dextrose 5%
metabolised quickly
terrible maintenance/rescuscitative fluid by itself
use in combination with normal saline for maintenance
colloids
gelatin: gelofusine
starch: dextran
albumin
adverse reactions to colloids
hypersensitivity, coagulopathy, nephropahty
blood products
albumin
platelets
RBC
FFP/Cryoprecipitate
