PAD Flashcards
What is PAD?
most common form of peripheral vascular disease
- progressive narrowing of arteries due to atherosclerosis
- plaque formation in the arteries results in decreased blood flow to the legs
PAD is associated with…
elevated risk of CVD
2 most common sxs of PAD?
intermittent claudication
pain at rest in LE
What is intermittent claudication?
discomfort, cramping, pain or numbness in the affected extremities during exercise, resolves within minutes of rest
What might you see on PE for someone with PAD?
nonspecific signs of decreased blood flow-cool skin temp, thickened toenails, lack of hair
Test that can be used to dx PAD?
ABI
How can we treat PAD?
- smoking cessation
- exercise
- surg: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stent
- Drug therapy to control (cholesterol, BP, BS, prevent clots, sxs relief)
release of …. and …..from the endothelium reduces platelet activity
NO and PGI2
Aspirin MOA?
irreversibly inhibits prostaglandin cyclooxyrgenase in platelets, prevents formation of thromboxane A2
Side effects of Aspirin?
GI upset/bleeding
Contraindications for taking ASA?
active bleeding, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia
Dipyridamole ER (Aggrenox) MOA?
may act by inhibiting platelet aggregation
Dipyridamole ER side effects?
angina, dyspnea, hypotension, HA, dizziness
Dipyridamole ER contraindications?
active bleeding, CAD
Cliostazol (Pletal) MOA?
phosphodiesterase inhibitor, suppresses platelet aggregation, direct artery vasodilator
Side effects of Cliostazol? Contraindications?
fever, infection, tachycardia
CHF
Clopidogrel (Plavix) MOA?
Inhibits binding of ADP analogues to its platelet receptor causing irreversible inhibition of platelets
Clopidogrel side effects? contraindications?
CP, purpura, generalized pain, rash
active bleeding
Pentoxifylline MOA?
Alters RBC flexibility, decreases platelet adhesion; reduces viscosity, decreases fibrinogen concentration
Side effects of Pentoxifylline?
Contraindications?
dyspnea, N/V, HA, dizziness
recent retinal or cerebral hemorrhage, active bleeding
Ticlopidine MOA?
Inhibits binding of ADP analogues to its platelet receptor causing irreversible inhibition of platelets
not really used
Side effects of Ticlopidine?
leukopenia, rash, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
Contraindications for Ticlopidine?
Active bleeding, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia
