PAD

Question 1

What is PAD?

Answer 1

most common form of peripheral vascular disease

• progressive narrowing of arteries due to atherosclerosis
• plaque formation in the arteries results in decreased blood flow to the legs

Question 2

PAD is associated with…

Answer 2

elevated risk of CVD

Question 3

2 most common sxs of PAD?

Answer 3

intermittent claudication

pain at rest in LE

Question 4

What is intermittent claudication?

Answer 4

discomfort, cramping, pain or numbness in the affected extremities during exercise, resolves within minutes of rest

Question 5

What might you see on PE for someone with PAD?

Answer 5

nonspecific signs of decreased blood flow-cool skin temp, thickened toenails, lack of hair

Question 6

Test that can be used to dx PAD?

Answer 6

ABI

Question 7

How can we treat PAD?

Answer 7

• smoking cessation
• exercise
• surg: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stent
• Drug therapy to control (cholesterol, BP, BS, prevent clots, sxs relief)

Question 8

release of …. and …..from the endothelium reduces platelet activity

Answer 8

NO and PGI2

Question 9

Aspirin MOA?

Answer 9

irreversibly inhibits prostaglandin cyclooxyrgenase in platelets, prevents formation of thromboxane A2

Question 10

Side effects of Aspirin?

Answer 10

GI upset/bleeding

Question 11

Contraindications for taking ASA?

Answer 11

active bleeding, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia

Question 12

Dipyridamole ER (Aggrenox) MOA?

Answer 12

may act by inhibiting platelet aggregation

Question 13

Dipyridamole ER side effects?

Answer 13

angina, dyspnea, hypotension, HA, dizziness

Question 14

Dipyridamole ER contraindications?

Answer 14

active bleeding, CAD

Question 15

Cliostazol (Pletal) MOA?

Answer 15

phosphodiesterase inhibitor, suppresses platelet aggregation, direct artery vasodilator

Question 16

Side effects of Cliostazol? Contraindications?

Answer 16

fever, infection, tachycardia

CHF

Question 17

Clopidogrel (Plavix) MOA?

Answer 17

Inhibits binding of ADP analogues to its platelet receptor causing irreversible inhibition of platelets

Question 18

Clopidogrel side effects? contraindications?

Answer 18

CP, purpura, generalized pain, rash

active bleeding

Question 19

Pentoxifylline MOA?

Answer 19

Alters RBC flexibility, decreases platelet adhesion; reduces viscosity, decreases fibrinogen concentration

Question 20

Side effects of Pentoxifylline?

Contraindications?

Answer 20

dyspnea, N/V, HA, dizziness

recent retinal or cerebral hemorrhage, active bleeding

Question 21

Ticlopidine MOA?

Answer 21

Inhibits binding of ADP analogues to its platelet receptor causing irreversible inhibition of platelets

not really used

Question 22

Side effects of Ticlopidine?

Answer 22

leukopenia, rash, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia

Question 23

Contraindications for Ticlopidine?

Answer 23

Active bleeding, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia